Eliminating Demonstrated Interest

The crucial Carnegie Mellon University incorporates the development of a differing network. All through our grounds there are instances of this responsibility however activities, for example, the ongoing formation of our Center for Student Diversity and Inclusion, among numerous others. In view of this obligation, our undergrad confirmation process is moving to concentrate more on decent variety and incorporation of all populaces by lessening or taking out focal points that have been inborn in specific parts of the affirmation procedure. The objective is to give an increasingly evenhanded, level playing field where all portions of our candidate populace have a similar open door in the affirmation procedure. Were killing shown enthusiasm as a thought in our confirmation worldview. Well no longer energize valuable accommodation of materials, including resumes, research abstracts, composing tests, media shows of abilities, and creator portfolios. Going ahead, were done contribution grad uated class meets ahead of time of affirmation choices and are pulling together graduated class endeavors to interface with conceded applicants. Our nearby meetings are not, at this point evaluative, but instead are guiding meetings to assist understudies with adjusting their inclinations to our projects. Weve changed our long application article to a progression of short papers to more readily comprehend understudy setting, remarkable gifts and interests just as unique contemplations which up-and-comers might want to draw out into the open. However even with these approaching changes, theres more work required on our part to accomplish a progressively comprehensive procedure. Issues encompassing state administered testing, for instance, are intricate in an exploration college like our own, and keeping in mind that we’ve reduced our SAT subject test necessities we’re trusting there is more we can do. Everything considered, were striving to change our procedure a progre ssively comprehensive way. Our progressions stretch out to our holding up list process also. In the same way as other different foundations, we are immersed with showings of proceeded with intrigue and extra suggestions, for the most part from well-resourced or all around prompted candidates. In spite of the fact that we dont demand any whatsoever, understudies compose letters of proceeded with intrigue, send us more suggestions, send ventures, visit our grounds to present their defense face to face and furthermore have anybody with any apparent impact make calls to hall and promoter for them. Our holding up list process is intended to give each and every individual who is keen on staying on our holding up list the chance to react about their uniqueness by sending us a passage at the proper time, just when we know there are extra places to fill. No letters of proceeded with intrigue, additional suggestions, desire for grounds visits, campaigning endeavors †¦ only a section. Data about the passage is remem bered for the data made accessible to all understudies offered a spot on our holding up list when confirmation choices are rendered in March. Weve not gave the specific point ahead of time since we have needed to abstain from having understudies chip away at it unnecessarily in the occasion we werent going to concede up-and-comers from our holding up list. These are genuinely critical changes for us. We’re discovering that the excursion to a progressively comprehensive and fair procedure that kills out of line favorable position to some is surely not helpful or simple. It’s tough work †¦ however work worth doing. In genuineness, we’re learning it might take numerous preliminaries before extreme achievement. We accept these progressions are significant strides to push our procedure toward taking out unreasonable favorable position and making it increasingly comprehensive and impartial for all. Michael Steidel Senior member of Admission Carnegie Mellon University

My Dog Cleopatra Essay Example For Students

My Dog Cleopatra Essay I’ll always remember the day my God little girl appeared on my entryway step holding a major dark filthy duffel bag over her shoulders saying, Hi, Auntie, I got a shock for you! ; much to my dismay this day would before long become an occasion we’d each retell consistently. As I invited my niece inside, she immediately floundered this sack onto my kitchen table, cautiously unfastening it to uncover its substance of what resembled a huge cushy clustered cover (you realize the ones that accompanies the coordinating pad worked in and all folded up into one) Well, as my child and I moved towards the kitchen table for a more intensive look, we saw that this enormous soft repudiate was not a sweeping pad thingy by any stretch of the imagination, yet a genuine live pooch. Gee golly! My heart quickly started to sink and the expression on my children face went from sheer energy and eagerness and unexpected bitterness. It was not very far in the past that we lost our beyond a reasonable doubt cherished Snow. Snow was our Maltese terrier. She was my oldest son’s first pet, which was likewise given to us as a blessing. Until one day, by chance, while out for a stroll with my child, she was taken. My child was just eight years of age at that point; and for him, the loss of Snow was awful and still new in his brain, that the idea of supplanting his Snow with another pooch was unfathomable. While we as a whole missed Snow without question, and missed having a pet in the house, getting another never came up. However here we are today with this small, large earthy colored peered toward, cushioned hill of charm sitting on our kitchen table. Also, from what my God little girl clarifies, needs a home. Alright, at the present time I’m thinking â€Å"I’m the grown-up here; and as you can envision, this whole scene has found me totally napping. Now, I’m feeling totally awkward and irritated towards my God girl for placing me in such cumbersome position. Furthermore, despite the fact that having another pet in the home would have documented the undeniable void that Snows nonattendance has left, I am actually not prepared to manage disturbances that having another pet can bring. Before I could get another word out of my mouth, my child and my little girl rapidly dives in and snatches this soft goodness into their arms, amassing around me, asking on the off chance that they could keep her. Well obviously observing this extremely outward showcase of warmth and feeling from my children, particularly that of my child totally make my day and any obstruction I needed to contend against the thought has totally broken. At that moment, the conspicuous decision to keep her was at that point made; and from that day we embraced another relative, whom as a result of her lofty appearance, we as a whole chose to call â€Å"Cleopatra. Throughout the following not many years, ten to be careful, Cleopatra, whom we lovingly call Cleo, has certainly demonstrated to be the â€Å"Queen† in the family. She immediately made it realized who was chief. Everybody adored her; family companions, neighbors just as outsiders. Wherever we went, she went; and on the off chance that you didn’t see her, you realized she was not very a long ways behind. New to the family, Cleo went all over and consistently realized how to act and make some great memories. Most ends of the week the children and I would attempt to discover something to do that included Cleo with the goal that she would not be ventured out from home alone. She’d regularly go with us to zoos, church picnics; back yard Bar-B-Q’s just as the periodic stroll to the neighborhood grocery store. The local we live in has a lot of parks for her to go around in, uncover gaps, lay in the grass or simply rest, which she regularly did. Cleo’s accommodating and fun-lovin’ air made it agreeable for anybody to associate with her. I can review a period where she laid unobtrusively and let my little nieces really put ponytails in her hair and on her whole body; including her ears and tail. .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .postImageUrl , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:visited , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:active { border:0!important; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:active , .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b 74a76c3f842c90e4 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udfb5ca5a6273350b74a76c3f842c90e4:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Freud Essay On JesusWhat a senseless sight, however as â€Å"queen† Cleo accepted everything. The most flawlessly awesome thing about having a pooch like Cleo (in a loft without a yard), she knew precisely when she needed to go and had no issue telling you when the time had come to â€Å"go. My young lady not just carried her chain to you, she would thump on the front entryway yelping until you got up to take her out. We would never truly make sense of it, however Cleo made it understood to us that going out to deal with her business, was likewise her an opportunity to meet and make new companions. Truly, Cleo was agreeable and the entire neighborhood knew it. In some cases she would walk us explicitly towards our neighbor’s yard. On a couple of events either before work or at night a short time later, during her strolls she would squirm her now enormous and feathery body out of her rope and advance into one of our neighbors yard, where I would then need to ask, argue, whimper and cry to pry her back home just to have her run directly back to the neighbors yard the following day. Despite the fact that we lived in condo with a lot of room to wander, Cleo consistently needed to be outside, such is the situation that at whatever point she heard the front entryway open, she’d dart straight out into the passage; and in the event that you weren’t focusing, instantly she’d be out the entryway rapidly advancing down the three stairways, around the bend and up the square! Before you can make sense of how, when or what occurred, you’re rapidly captivating her in a verbose pursue. For the following couple of moments what appears hours, you would be either running, compromising, cussing and shouting out to her to stop. I swear this canine was excessively quick and smooth to her benefit. At that point it happened to me this was really a game for her. I’m persuaded she got sheer joy out of watching us pursue her. Once in a while, she’d even have the dauntlessness to let you really get up to speed to her; so, all in all she’d take a gander at you and run off once more. Baffled and irritated you take off after her once more for another tedious pursue. Neither of us (the children or I) discovered this game interesting, in certainty inevitably we figured once we quit pursuing, she’d in the long run surrender and returned home. While pursuing Cleo wasn’t precisely my concept of a goodtime; truth is, she really helped me shed some undesirable pounds and remain fit as a fiddle in those days at any rate. Today, I favored her late night organization, with her spread over the foot of my bed keeping my feet warm. Regardless of which job she’s agreeable in; monitor hound, closest companion, feet hotter, wellness master or neighborhood watch, my young lady Cleo is certainly stand-out and the Queen of her seat. Furthermore, after two liters of little dogs, hills of green grass and soil openings uncovered, twelve or so outing pieces, interminable gooey puffs and doggy treats later, we found our beyond a reasonable doubt darling Cleo was quietly experiencing ovarian malignant growth. Not long a short time later, we gave her a last run in the recreation center, where she was let go to turn into a piece of the magnificence that will everlastingly grow up and carry new life for others to lounge in and appreciate. Since Cleo’s passing, my family and I have safeguarded and received 3 additional pooches, who have each presented to us a huge amount of adoration, hairy affectionate recollections and increasingly one on one pursues down the square, and for that we would not have it some other way.

Genuphobia, the Fear of Knees

Genuphobia, the Fear of Knees Phobias Types Print Genuphobia: The Fear of Knees By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Doug Menuez / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of knees, or genuphobia, is relatively rare. Like most phobias, genuphobia varies widely in severity. Some people are afraid only of seeing uncovered knees in person, while others are afraid of bare knees even on film. People with this phobia may be afraid of all knees or only their own. Some people are actually scared of kneeling. Causes of Genuphobia Genuphobia is often, but not always, triggered by a negative experience. If you have experienced a traumatic knee injury, you may be more likely to develop this fear. However, the traumatic experience need not have happened to you personally. Seeing a major knee injury happen to a friend or relative may be enough to trigger the fear. In some cases, genuphobia develops after watching a characters kneecaps get broken in a gangster film. Childhood experiences may also influence the development of phobias. Some cases of genuphobia can be traced to a highly religious or culturally conservative upbringing. Many religions and some cultures require conservative dress. Choosing not to reveal your knees or look at someone elses for religious or cultural reasons is not diagnosable as a phobia. However, an issue can arise in those who no longer practice a conservative religion or live in a conservative culture. Many people transition into mainstream secular life without significant difficulties. But some people find themselves stuck, unable to overcome years of religious or cultural training. If you are unable to overcome your fear of knees, consultation with a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor in your new religion of choice may be in order. Some cases of genuphobia have no apparent cause at all. Fortunately, it is rarely necessary to understand the cause of a phobia in order to successfully treat it. Complications Mainstream society today is exceptionally body-conscious. From formal wear to sports attire, virtually all forms of clothing offer short options that show off the legs. It would be nearly impossible to venture out of the house without seeing someone elses knees. Even if your fear is strictly of your own knees, it may be extremely difficult to keep them covered at all times. Restricting your clothing to only those items that fully cover your knees could make it difficult to swim, participate in some sports, or wear certain items of clothing. It might even be difficult or impossible for you to take certain jobs, as some uniforms consist of shorts or skirts that are above the knee. Intimacy could also pose a problem. Some people with genuphobia are extremely sensitive about having their knees touched or touching someone elses. It is difficult to share a bed with someone else without ever brushing against each others knees. Fear of Kneeling The fear of kneeling technically falls under the term genuphobia, although it may be an entirely separate fear. Some people with a fear of kneeling are also uncomfortable with knees in general, but many are not. Instead, the fear of kneeling is often rooted in self-consciousness or fears of submission and vulnerability. This phobia may cause difficulty in religious practice, some sports, and the performance of certain job duties. Some people are unable to kneel due to medical conditions. Although there may be some affiliated fear of pain or of being unable to get back up, this is not actually considered a phobia. However, it is possible to develop a fear of kneeling during a temporary injury that does not subside when the injury heals. Coping With Genuphobia Like most phobias, the fear of knees varies widely in severity and the level at which it affects sufferers lives. Many people have a relatively mild fear that can be kept under control by simply averting their eyes from other peoples knees. If your phobia is more severe, however, you may need professional assistance. Your therapist will work with you to develop a treatment plan to overcome your fear. Cognitive-behavioral techniques, hypnotherapy, and other measures may be used. If your fear is affecting your life, ask your therapist for some techniques to keep your fear under control while you are undergoing treatment.

Genuphobia, the Fear of Knees

Genuphobia, the Fear of Knees Phobias Types Print Genuphobia: The Fear of Knees By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 19, 2020 Doug Menuez / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment The fear of knees, or genuphobia, is relatively rare. Like most phobias, genuphobia varies widely in severity. Some people are afraid only of seeing uncovered knees in person, while others are afraid of bare knees even on film. People with this phobia may be afraid of all knees or only their own. Some people are actually scared of kneeling. Causes of Genuphobia Genuphobia is often, but not always, triggered by a negative experience. If you have experienced a traumatic knee injury, you may be more likely to develop this fear. However, the traumatic experience need not have happened to you personally. Seeing a major knee injury happen to a friend or relative may be enough to trigger the fear. In some cases, genuphobia develops after watching a characters kneecaps get broken in a gangster film. Childhood experiences may also influence the development of phobias. Some cases of genuphobia can be traced to a highly religious or culturally conservative upbringing. Many religions and some cultures require conservative dress. Choosing not to reveal your knees or look at someone elses for religious or cultural reasons is not diagnosable as a phobia. However, an issue can arise in those who no longer practice a conservative religion or live in a conservative culture. Many people transition into mainstream secular life without significant difficulties. But some people find themselves stuck, unable to overcome years of religious or cultural training. If you are unable to overcome your fear of knees, consultation with a mental health professional or a spiritual advisor in your new religion of choice may be in order. Some cases of genuphobia have no apparent cause at all. Fortunately, it is rarely necessary to understand the cause of a phobia in order to successfully treat it. Complications Mainstream society today is exceptionally body-conscious. From formal wear to sports attire, virtually all forms of clothing offer short options that show off the legs. It would be nearly impossible to venture out of the house without seeing someone elses knees. Even if your fear is strictly of your own knees, it may be extremely difficult to keep them covered at all times. Restricting your clothing to only those items that fully cover your knees could make it difficult to swim, participate in some sports, or wear certain items of clothing. It might even be difficult or impossible for you to take certain jobs, as some uniforms consist of shorts or skirts that are above the knee. Intimacy could also pose a problem. Some people with genuphobia are extremely sensitive about having their knees touched or touching someone elses. It is difficult to share a bed with someone else without ever brushing against each others knees. Fear of Kneeling The fear of kneeling technically falls under the term genuphobia, although it may be an entirely separate fear. Some people with a fear of kneeling are also uncomfortable with knees in general, but many are not. Instead, the fear of kneeling is often rooted in self-consciousness or fears of submission and vulnerability. This phobia may cause difficulty in religious practice, some sports, and the performance of certain job duties. Some people are unable to kneel due to medical conditions. Although there may be some affiliated fear of pain or of being unable to get back up, this is not actually considered a phobia. However, it is possible to develop a fear of kneeling during a temporary injury that does not subside when the injury heals. Coping With Genuphobia Like most phobias, the fear of knees varies widely in severity and the level at which it affects sufferers lives. Many people have a relatively mild fear that can be kept under control by simply averting their eyes from other peoples knees. If your phobia is more severe, however, you may need professional assistance. Your therapist will work with you to develop a treatment plan to overcome your fear. Cognitive-behavioral techniques, hypnotherapy, and other measures may be used. If your fear is affecting your life, ask your therapist for some techniques to keep your fear under control while you are undergoing treatment.

The History of Automobile Names

The automobile has gone by several names in the past and still continues to as variations of motor vehicles have been spun off. For example, there is the common car term, but word automobile is often used as well. Then theres truck, jeep, station wagon, bus, van, minivan and hatchback among others. However, it all began with a battle of semantics that pre-dated the word automobile, which was coined at the turn of the 20th century. So what other names for motor vehicles have famous inventors used prior to automobile? One good way to find out is to look at the names that were used in their patent applications. Heres a brief rundown of various car names throughout history: American inventor, engineer and businessman Oliver Evans  applied for a U.S. patent in Philadelphia in 1792 for an invention he called oruktor amphiboles, which translates to â€Å"amphibious digger.† His vehicle was designed to be a steam-powered car that rolled out of his shop in 1804. Initially created for the Philadelphia Board of Health for the purpose of dredging and cleaning docks, the vehicle was capable of moving on both water and land.George Selden, a patent attorney from Rochester, New York, received a patent for something he called a road machine in 1879. Due to existing laws at the time, the patent was pre-dated to 1877. Selden expanded its claims over the years. And by 1895, he had a patent for a three-cylinder motor vehicle. While he never actually produced a car, the patent allowed him to collect royalties from all American car manufacturers. Companies paid Seldens holding company, the Association of Licensed Automotive Manufacturers, for the patent licensing rights to build cars.The fact that Selden hadn’t actually followed through with his idea made the patent questionable to some manufacturers. Henry Ford,  industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company, was one of those who took issue with Seldon’s licensing fees and refused to pay it. Selden took Ford to court in 1904, but the judge ordered an automobile built according to the Selden patent. It was an utter failure and Selden’s patent was overturned in 1911. Selden could no longer collect royalties and car manufacturers were free to build their vehicles at lower cost without this added expense.  The  Duryea brothers  patented their motor wagon in 1895. They were bicycle makers who became fascinated with the concept of automobiles and gasoline engines.   "The new mechanical wagon with the awful name automobile has come to stay..."New York Times (1897 article) The New York Times mention of the name â€Å"automobile† was the first public use of the term by the media and eventually helped to popularize the name for motor vehicles. Credit for the name actually goes to a 14th century Italian painter and engineer named Martini. While he never built an automobile, he did draw up plans for a man-powered carriage with four wheels. He came up with the name automobile by combining the Greek word auto -- meaning self -- and the Latin word, mobils, which means moving. Put them together and youve got a self-moving vehicle that doesnt need horses to pull it. Other Names for Motor Vehicles Over the Years Of course, the other popular name for an automobile is the car is thought to be derived from Latin word carrus or carrum, which means wheeled vehicle. It can also be a variation of the Middle English term carre, meaning cart. Other possibilities include the Gaulish word karros (a Gallic chariot) or the Brythoic word Karr. These terms originally referred to wheeled horse-drawn vehicles such as a cart, carriage or wagon. Motor car is the standard formal name for cars in British English. There were other early media references to motor vehicles and these included names such as autobaine, autokenetic, autometon, automotor horse, buggyaut, diamote, horseless carriage, mocole, motor carriage, motorig, motor-vique and the oleo locomotive. The word truck may have come from truckle, which means small wheel or pulley. Its derived from the Middle English word trokell from the Latin word trochlea. It may have also come from the the Latin word trochus. The first known usage of truck was in 1611, used in reference to the wheels on ships cannon carriages. The word bus is a shortened version of the Latin word omnibus and van is short for the original word caravan.

Cosmic Rays - Where Do They Come From

Cosmic rays sound like some kind of science-fiction menace from outer space. It turns out, that in high-enough amounts, they are. On the other hand, cosmic rays pass through us every day without doing much (if any harm). So, what are these mysterious pieces of cosmic energy? Defining Cosmic Rays The term cosmic ray refers to high-speed particles that travel the universe. Theyre everywhere. Chances are very good that cosmic rays have passed through everyones body at some time or another, particularly if they live at high altitude or have flown in an airplane. Earth is well-protected against all but the most energetic of these rays, so they dont really pose a danger to us in our everyday lives. Cosmic rays provide fascinating clues to objects and events elsewhere in the universe, such as the deaths of massive stars (called  supernova explosions) and activity on the Sun, so astronomers study them using high-altitude balloons and space-based instruments. That research is providing exciting new insight into the origins and evolution of stars and galaxies in the universe.   Cosmic rays come from supernova explosions, among other processes in the universe. This is a Combined infrared and x-ray images of a supernova remnant called W44. Several telescopes looked at it to get the image. When the star that created this scene exploded, it sent out cosmic rays and other high-energy particles, as well as radio, infrared, x-ray, ultraviolet, and visible light. NASA/CXC and NASA/JPL-CalTech What Are Cosmic Rays? Cosmic rays are extremely high-energy charged particles (usually protons) that move at nearly the speed of light. Some come from the Sun (in the form of solar energetic particles), while others are ejected from supernova explosions and other energetic events in interstellar (and intergalactic) space.  When cosmic rays collide with Earths atmosphere, they produce showers of what are called secondary particles. History of Cosmic Ray Studies The existence of cosmic rays has been known for more than a century. They were first found by physicist Victor Hess. He launched high-accuracy electrometers aboard weather balloons in 1912 to measure the ionization rate of atoms (that is, how quickly and how often atoms are energized) in upper layers of Earths atmosphere. What he discovered was that the ionization rate was much greater the higher you rise in the atmosphere — a discovery for which he later won the Nobel Prize. This flew in the face of conventional wisdom. His first instinct on how to explain this was that some solar phenomenon was creating this effect. However, after repeating his experiments during a near solar eclipse he obtained the same results, effectively ruling out any solar origin for, Therefore, he concluded that there must be some intrinsic electric field in the atmosphere creating the observed ionization, though he could not deduce what the source of the field would be. It was more than a decade later before physicist Robert Millikan was able to prove that the electric field in the atmosphere observed by Hess was instead a flux of photons and electrons. He called this phenomenon cosmic rays and they streamed through our atmosphere. He also determined that these particles werent from Earth or the near-Earth environment, but rather came from deep space. The next challenge was to figure out what processes or objects could have been creating them.   Ongoing Studies of Cosmic Ray Properties Since that time, scientists have continued to use high-flying balloons to get above the atmosphere and sample more of these high-speed particles. The region above Antartica at the south pole is a favored launching spot, and a number of missions have collected more information about cosmic rays. There, the National Science Balloon Facility is home to several instrument-laden flights each year. The cosmic ray counters they carry measure the energy of cosmic rays, as well as their directions and intensities. A long-duration balloon flight from Antarctica can be used to detect cosmic rays. NASA The  International Space Station also contains instruments that study the properties of cosmic rays, including the Cosmic Ray Energetics and Mass (CREAM) experiment. Installed in 2017, it has a three-year mission to collect as much data as possible on these fast-moving particles. CREAM actually began as a balloon experiment, and it flew seven times between 2004 and 2016. Figuring out the Sources of Cosmic Rays Because cosmic rays are composed of charged particles their paths can be altered by any magnetic field that it comes into contact with. Naturally, objects like stars and planets have magnetic fields, but interstellar magnetic fields also exist. This makes predicting where (and how strong) magnetic fields are extremely difficult. And since these magnetic fields persist throughout all space, they appear in every direction. Therefore it is not surprising that from our vantage point here on Earth it appears that cosmic rays do not appear to arrive from any one point in space. Determining the source of cosmic rays proved difficult for many years. However, there are some assumptions that can be assumed. First of all, the nature of cosmic rays as extremely high-energy charged particles implied that they are produced by rather powerful activities. So events like supernovae or regions around black holes seemed to be likely candidates. The Sun  emits something similar to cosmic rays in the form of highly energetic particles. The Sun emits streams of energized particles and cosmic rays. SOHO/Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) consortium In 1949 physicist Enrico Fermi suggested that cosmic rays were simply particles accelerated by magnetic fields in interstellar gas clouds. And, since you need a rather large field to create the highest-energy cosmic rays, scientists began looking at supernova remnants (and other large objects in space) as the likely source.   Cosmic rays could stream from highly energetic events in the distant universe, such as activities associated with quasars. An artistic look at what an early distant quasar might look like. ESO/M. Kornmesser In June 2008 NASA launched a  gamma-ray telescope known as Fermi — named for Enrico Fermi. While Fermi is a gamma-ray telescope, one of its main science goals was to determine the origins of cosmic rays. Coupled with other studies of cosmic rays by balloons and space-based instruments, astronomers now look to supernova remnants, and such exotic objects as supermassive black holes as sources for the most highly energetic cosmic rays detected here on Earth. Fast Facts Cosmic rays come from around the universe and can be generated by such events as supernova explosions.High-speed particles are also generated in other energetic events such as quasar activities.The Sun also sends out cosmic rays in the form or solar energetic particles. Cosmic rays can be detected on Earth in various ways. Some museums have cosmic ray detectors as exhibits. Sources â€Å"Cosmic Rays Exposure.†Ã‚  Radioactivity : Iodine 131, www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Dose_Cosmic.htm.NASA, NASA, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/cosmic_rays1.html.RSS, www.ep.ph.bham.ac.uk/general/outreach/SparkChamber/text2h.html. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics?

Who Else Is Lying to Us About Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics? But What About Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics? If you'd prefer a personalized essay that's written expertly and that could make it possible for you to find amazing marks, I will be in a position to aid you to. The most important idea of your entire essay is going to be your thesis statement. It may sound obvious, but it's essential that you comprehend particularly what it to be asked of you as you don't receive any marks for answering the incorrect demande, even if it's the best essay within the whole world. Last word of advice is to ask your teacher before the last decision about this issue selection for argumentative essays. The Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics Game Persuasive or argumentative essays are intended to convince the audience of someone's viewpoint about a specific topic. Instead, writers ought to consider the folks who will read the essay and quit considering how so many people are reading the essay that's barely readable (quantification a part of the issue but that's for another essay). You're writing a lead because you believe you need one. What to Expect From Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics? There's a difference between advocating, for instance, and patronizing. In making this kind of argument, it's my intention to invoke no such onslaught of indecency towards any specific individual as is so typical in the present political atmosphere. Some are motivated by violence. Our minds try to find a level of stability or balance in all elements of life. Government for the interest of government isn't right and contributes to unfair burdens on the folks. The second portion of Rights of Man discusses the way the government ought to be set up. There's poverty in the usa and the rich are extremely privileged. Paine states that government's sole goal is to protect life, liberty and property, and that a government ought to be judged only on the basis of the point to wh ich it accomplishes this objective. It's a negative part of any society it can be located in. Therefore, monastic life isn't needed. Paine explains that hereditary monarchy isn't the suitable method to govern. Paine also asserts that in the event the colonies remain attached to Britain, the very same troubles that have arisen previously will arise later on. Facts, Fiction and Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics Having selected a great topic to argue about, at this point you will need to make an argumentative essay outline. Following are different kinds of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic depending on your need and requirement. Choosing only the suitable reflective essay topic can be challenging, but here are some guidelines to assist you in that practice. Don't compose the conclusion paragraph. But What About Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics? It's different from having to finish the paper yourself. Because therefore a lot of us are intimately acqua inted with that which we offer, it might be rough to move right right back and discover out exactly just what components of our offering are of fantastic interest to leads. By the conclusion of that calendar year, 150,000 copies a great amount for its time was printed and sold. You are likely to be somebody that's leveraging's time as a way to do more important things. Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics Features Folks spend years in relationships attempting to entice commitment. Women were encouraged to pursue careers rather than marriage, developing a circumstance where now many women wait till they are older and not as fertile to attempt to obtain a partner. Women generally speaking want a male partner which has an equal or greater income than themselves. Up in Arms About Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics? An inquiry into the essence of the American government's corruption is essential in order to totally understand the argument ahead. The British system pretends to offer y ou a fair system of checks and balances, but in reality, it doesn't. Same question because of his reaction to the United States. Choosing Paine Rights of Man Essay Topics Communication essays also have using media. Instead, you can buy copies of various sorts through Library of Congress Duplication Services. Weaving Thoughts is prepared to employ you 365 times annually! Societies can change very fast.

Bullied - a Film Response free essay sample

Response to the film Bullied Starting in seventh grade Jamie Nabozny was bullied almost daily. He was hit punched, kicked, and called names. He told the principle who said he would get help, but nothing changed. By the end of seventh grade Jamie tried to commit suicide by swallowing pills. Jamie returned to middle school for eighth grade and was cornered in the bathroom on the first day back. His mother immediately demanded a meeting with the bullies and their mothers to try to settle the bullying. The principle blamed Jamie for being openly gay and said boys will be boys. None of the bullies were punished. Just weeks into high school and nothing had changed for Jamie. A bully peed on him. The school administration was largely ineffective. Some teachers tried to help; one teacher let Jamie eat lunch in her classroom. The bullying got so bad Jamie ran away to Minneapolis. We will write a custom essay sample on Bullied a Film Response or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jamie ended up in a youth shelter. He tried homeschooling for a while but his parents could not afford to keep him on it and Jamie had to go back to school. While back at school a beating turned so bad that Jamie ended up in the hospital, had surgery, and stayed for five days. Jamie ran away to Minneapolis again, at the youth shelter he met with a legal advocate who encouraged him to file charges. He also issued an ultimatum to his parents; either you let me go to school here or you will not see me until I turn 18. They let him finish his schooling in the cities. Jamie registered at Hastings high school and the counselor recommended Inver Hills Community College for PSEO classes. He was attending Inver Hills while the court case was going on. He sued his former school, but a trial court dismissed his lawsuit. Lambda Legal took over his case before a federal appeals court, which issued the first judicial opinion in the nation’s history finding that a public school could be held accountable for not stopping antigay abuse. The case went back to trial and a jury found the school officials liable for the harm they caused to Nabozny. The case then settled for $900,000. Jamie decided to fight to help prevent other students from going through what he went through. One of Jamie’s main bullies was Roy Grande, who testified truthfully at his trial. Roy’s mother was diagnosed with cancer right before the trial. Roy’s mother was a witness for the defense, but because she was only given six months to live she made her son give a fully truthful testimony. Jamie said the physical pain is long gone but the verbal pain stays and continues to bother him. While attending Inver Hills Jamie sought a counselor and was diagnosed with PTSD from the bullying. This is very important to learn about Jamie’s case now because of the constitutional amendment for gay marriage on the ballot this year. The bullying in the schools will go up this year.

Picking On Fat Kids Essays - Eating Disorders, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Picking On Fat Kids Stereotyping can happen in numerous ways; one very cruel way of stereotyping would be stereotyping a person for being overweight. People often stereotype others because of beliefs they have learned from their parents or on their own. Discriminating against a person because of ones weight can be a seriously hurtful and demeaning thing. Many people assume that the causes for being overweight are eating all day and rarely exercising. Some people call overweight people slobs or lazy, when in most instances this isnt the case. Some have health problems that lead to being overweight, like a kidney disease or malfunction, or the person may even be suffering from a birth defect. The effects of stereotyping an overweight person can cause them great pain and devastation. Even death can be a possible result of this type of stereotyping. People who are obese usually already feel self-conscious about themselves, and if stereotyping leads to teasing or making fun of the person, as it usually does, it will only worsens matter. This may not lead directly to death, but it may lead to depression and loneliness. Frequently, eating disorders can occur. One prominent eating disorder is Anorexia Nervosa. This is when a person who is in the pursuit of thinness, starves themselves and often becomes malnourished. A second eating disorder is bulimia, which is when a person repeatedly binge eats, then self-induces vomiting to help prevent any weight gain. These forms of eating disorders can lead to various health problems, such as: Low body temperature, muscle weakness, dry skin, slow pulse, even death can occur if the problem is not treated. These complications are just a few , on a horrifically long list. Under certain circumstances, being tormented about ones weight can be the foundation of other issues as well. For children growing up it can be especially difficult. There can be many social issues involved as far as making friends and participating in various group activities. Once school is finished, finding a job can be another challenge. By reason that the person may feel they are not good enough and furthermore may be apprehensive of the interview process. Once an adult with these types of emotions has children of their own they may pass the feeling on to their children. There is also a direct link to genetic eating disorders. This is just one example of how stereotyping can affect our society. Each person is one individual, and there is absolutely no way of accurately judging someone on looks alone. As you can see there are numerous factors that can cause weight gain. It is better to get to know someone for yourself then to judge on appearance alone. Social Issues

Conjugating Comer in Spanish

Conjugating Comer in Spanish Comer is a common Spanish verb to eat and has most of the meanings that the English verb has. Most commonly, comer means simply to consume food through the mouth: Me gusta comer pizza sin anchoas. I like to eat pizza without anchovies.El comer es uno de los placeres de la vida. Eating is one of the pleasures of life.Comieron en el aeropuerto de Lima antes de abordar el avià ³n. They ate at the Lima airport before boarding the plane.Leah come como un pajarito. Leah eats like a bird. Sometimes, depending on the context, comer refers specifically to eating lunch or dinner. Desayunamos en casa y comemos en el camino. Were eating breakfast at home and eating lunch on the road. Like eat up, comer can be used colloquially to suggest immense pleasure: Mi abuela comià ³ el libro. My grandmother ate up the book. Comer can be used figuratively to refer to corrosion, erosion or the eating up of something by natural processes. The translation varies with the context: El mar comià ³ toda la arena. The sea washed away all the sand.El cido comià ³ el concreto de la cisterna. The acid ate away at the tanks concrete. Similarly, the reflexive form comerse can be used in a variety of ways to indicate that something is swallowed up or otherwise consumed or missing:  ¿Cuntas pginas se comieron? How many pages were missing?Parece que se comià ³ la letra N. It looks like the letter N was omitted.La inflacià ³n se come el ahorro de la gente. Inflation is eating up the peoples savings. The reflexive form is also sometimes used to add emphasis. In such a case, the difference between comer and comerse is roughly the difference between to eat and to eat up. Los chicos se comieron todos los dulces. The boys ate up all the candy. Comer is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of beber.

Analysis of the book Night by Elie Wiesel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis of the book Night by Elie Wiesel - Essay Example Elie Wiesel is one such survivor, whose post-liberation life would be filled with mental anguish. In his seminal book Night, first published in Yiddish in 1955 and later appeared in English in 1960 we evidence how his faith in God as well as faith in humanity is challenged by the grave circumstances faced in German ethnic cleansing operations. The following passages will analyze how Wiesel’s faith in God and humanity is shaken to the core in the face of compelling circumstances and consequences. In a poignant passage in the poetically assembled book, Wiesel notes how, at one point during the life in the ghetto, taking care of his ailing father becomes burdensome. Already weakened by severe malnutrition and mental disorientation, his mind loses perspective and emotional connection with his father. He simply does not have the resources of empathy and solidarity to be able to care for another human. It makes him lament the forceful encampment that was the beginning of the great long ordeal: â€Å"Never shall I forget those moments which murdered my God and my soul and turned my dreams to dust. Never shall I forget these things, even if I am condemned to live as long as God Himself. Never.† In a tragic turn of events, his father would be beaten to death by German guards, just two weeks before American army liberated his camp. Wiesel could hear the final shrieks of pain from his father from his slot in the upper deck. But he could not venture a thought or an action to mitigate his suffering. Even sacrificing his own life for his once beloved father was beyond him. This is a key passage in Night, for it reveals how the Holocaust had stripped the humanity of the victims as well. The â€Å"loss of humanity† with respect to the Holocaust, is thus, equally witnessed in the perpetrators and the victims of the great crime. Hence, much in contradiction to preaching in the covenant, Wiesel fails to take care of fellows of his community, most notably his father. But Wiesel’s is not the universal case, for there are those exceptional individuals who could must spiritual and physical resources to offer themselves in service to other weaker members of the ghetto. This d ifference in behavior is not a consequence of moral convictions or volitional choices of the ghetto inmates. Rather, they just showcase the manifest act of God through the lives of the faithful. The following passage highlights how the inmates of the ghetto encouraged each other during grave times: â€Å"There's a long road of suffering ahead of you. But don't lose courage. You've already escaped the gravest danger: selection. So now, muster your strength, and don't lose heart. We shall all see the day of liberation. Have faith in life. Above all else, have faith. Drive out despair, and you will keep death away from yourselves. Hell is not for eternity. And now, a prayer - or rather, a piece of advice: let there be comradeship among you. We are all brothers, and we are all suffering the same fate. The same smoke floats over all our heads. Help one another. It is the only way to survive.†Ã‚  (Wiesel, 1960) Elie Wiesel’s was brought up in an orthodox Jewish community tha t gave emphasis to religious observance and faithful understanding of the scriptures. This pre-eminence to God and belief in His benign will would be challenged to the core as Wiesel and other Jews are pushed ever further into the systematized abyss. But, instead of abandoning his faith completely, Wiesel gets new illuminations into his faith. In many ways, the experiences in the ghetto

Bit Coin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bit Coin - Essay Example Bit Coins can also be sent and received by the users after paying an optional transaction fees by using their mobile device, web application or wallet software of their computers. This payment system is used by businesses as well as customers for carrying out transactions. It is one of the most secure payment systems and therefore it has succeeded to grab the attention of many merchants (The Bitcoin Foundation ). Through Bit Coin it is easy to send and receive payment instantly from any part of the world, without any limitations. Bit Coins give the users the full access to their money. Another advantage of bit coin is that the payment is processed with small or no transaction fees. A transaction fee is optional if the users want their payment confirmation to be processed faster by the network. The merchant processor present in the system guides the merchant in payment transaction. Bit coin transaction is irreversible, secure and does not require the personal and sensitive information of the customers. This protects the users from losses occurred as the result of fraud and also there is no such need for PCI compliance. Bit Coin helps the merchants to expand in a market where credit cards are not available and where the rate of fraud is unacceptably high. Bit Coin system gives the users the full control of a transaction and therefore the merchant may not impose unnoticed or unwanted charges on the customer, the way it happens in other payment systems. Bit coin payments do not require the personal information of the users, which provides the customers protections against identity theft. The Bit Coins users may also protect their money with backup and encryption. Many people are still not aware about the concept of Bit Coin. With every passing day more and more businesses are adopting the Bit Coin payment system but still there is a need for the list to grow more, so that they may benefit from the network affect. The value of Bit Coin circulation and the

Developing a Brain Computer Interface

Developing a Brain Computer Interface A Seminar Report On â€Å"Brain Computer Interface† Submitted by: Name: Sachin Kumar Roll No: 1214310301 ABSTRACT Brain Computer Interface allows users to communicate with each others by using only brain activities without using any peripheral nerves and muscles of human body. On BCI research the Electroencephalogram (EEG) is used for recording the electrical activity along the scalp. EEG is used to measure the voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain. Hans Berger a German neuroscientist, in 1924 discovered the electrical activity of human brain by using EEG. Hans Berger was the first one who recorded an Alpha Wave from a human brain. In 1970, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency of USA initiated the program to explore brain communication using EEG. The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain–computer interface in scientific literature. The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily on neuroprosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement. Nowadays BCI research is going on in a full swing using non-invasive neural imaginary technique mostly the EEG. The future research on BCI will be dependent mostly in nanotechnology. Research on BCI is radically increased over the last decade. From the last decade the maximum information transfer rates of BCI was 5-25 bits/min but at present BCI’s maximum data transfer rate is 84.7bits/min. 2.INTRODUCTION Brain-computer interface (BCI) is alliance between a brain and a device that enables signals from the brain to direct some external activities, such as control of a cursoror a prosthetic limb. The Brain computing interface enables a direct communications pathway between the brain and the object to be controlled. For example, the signal is transmitted directly from the brain to the mechanism directing the cursor moves, rather than taking the normal ways through the bodys neuromuscular system from the brain to the finger on a mouse then directing the curser. BCIs Research began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles(UCLA) under an allowance from the   National Science Foundation, followed by a contract fromDARPA. Thanks to the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, signals from implanted prostheses can, after adaptation, be handled by the brain like natural sensor or effector channels. Animal experimentation for years, the first neuroprosthetic devices implanted in humans appeared in the mid-1990s. Current brain computing interface devices require calculated conscious thought; some future applications, such as prosthetic control, are likely to work without difficulty. Development of electrode devices and/or surgical methods that are minimally invasive is one of the biggest challenges in developing BCI technology . Though Brain Computer Interface (BCI) facilitates direct communication between brain and computer or another device so nowadays it is widely used to enhance the possibility of communication for people with severe neuromuscular disorders, spinal cord injury. Except the medical applications BCI is also used for multimedia applications, which becomes possible by decoding information directly from the user’s brain, as reflected in electroencephalographic (EEG)signals which are recorded non-invasively from user’s scalp. 3.LITERATURE REVIEW Current Trends in Graz Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) Research Pfurtscheller, C. Neuper, C. Guger, W. Harkam, H. Ramoser, Schlà ¶gl, B. Obermaier, and M. Pregenzer The â€Å"Graz Brain–Computer Interface† (BCI) project is aimed at developing a technical system that can support communication possibilities for patients with severe neuromuscular disabilities, who are in particular need of gaining reliable control via non-muscular devices. This BCI system uses oscillatory electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, recorded during specific mental activity, as input and provides a control option by its output. The obtained output signals are presently evaluated for different purposes, such as cursor control, selection of letters or words, or control of prosthesis. Between 1991 and 2000, the Graz BCI project moved through various stages of prototypes. In the first years, mainly EEG patterns during willful limb movement were used for classification of single EEG trials. In these experiments, a cursor was moved e.g. to the left, right or downwards, depending on planning of left hand, right hand or foot movement. Extensive off-line analyses have shown that classification accuracy improved, when the input features, such as electrode positions and frequency bands, were optimized in each subject. Apart from studies in healthy volunteers, BCI experiments were also performed in patients, e.g., with an amputated upper limb. The main parts of any BCI system are: Signal acquisition system: involves the electrodes, which pick up the electrical activity of the brain and the amplifier and analog filters. The feature extractor: converts the brain signals into relevant feature components. At first, the EEG raw signals are filtered by a digital band pass filter. Then, the amplitude samples are squared to obtain the power samples. The power samples are averaged for all trials. Finally, the signal is smoothed by averaging over time samples. The feature translator: classifies the feature components into logical controls. The control interface: converts the logical controls into semantic controls. The device controller: changes the semantic controls to physical device commands, which differ from one device to another depending on the application. Finally, the device commands are executed by the device. The early work of BCI was done by  invasive  methods with electrodes inserted into the brain tissue to read the signals of a single neuron. Although the spatio-temporal resolution was high and the results were highly accurate, there were complications in the long term. These were mostly attributable to the scar tissue formation, which leads to a gradual weakening of the signal and even complete signal loss within months because of the brain tissue reaction towards the foreign objects. A proof of concept experiment was done by Nicolelis and Chapin on monkeys to control a robotic arm in real time using the invasive method. Recently, less invasive methods have been used by applying an array of electrodes in the subdural space over the cortex to record the Electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals. It has been found that ordinary Electroencephalogram pickup signals are averaged over several EEG signal bands (Hz) square inches, whereas ECoG electrodes can measure the electrical activity of brain cells over a much smaller area, thereby providing much higher spatial resolution and a higher signal to noise ratio because of the thinner barrier tissue between the electrodes and the brain cells. The superior ability to record the gamma band signals of the brain tissue is another important advantage of this type of BCI system. Gamma rhythms (30-200 Hz) are produced by cells with higher oscillations, which are not easy to record by ordinary EEGs. The human skull is a thick filter, which blurs the EEG signals, especially the higher frequency bands (i.e. gamma band). Noninvasive  techniques were demonstrated mostly by electroencephalographs (EEG). Others used functional Hz, Magneto-Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Positron Electron Tomography (PET), Magneto encephalography (MEG) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography There (SPECT). EEGs have the advantage of higher temporal resolution, reaching a few milliseconds and are relatively low cost. Recent EEG systems have better spatiotemporal resolution of up to 256 electrodes over the total area of the scalp. Nevertheless, it cannot record from the deep parts of the brain. This is the main reason why the multimillion dollar fMRI systems are still the preferred method for the functional study of the brain. However, EEG systems are still the best candidate for BCI systems spatial as they are easy to use, portable and cheap. The main problems that reduce the reliability and accuracy of BCI and which prevent this technology from being clinically useful, are the sensory interfacing problems and the translation algorithm problems. In order to make a clinically useful BCI the accuracy of the detection of intention needs to be very high and certainly much higher than the currently achieved accuracy with different types of BCI. The intermediate compromise between accuracy and safety is the ECoG based BCI, which has shown considerable promise. The sensory arrays of electrodes are less invasive and provide comparable accuracy and high spatial resolution compared to the implanted type. The ECoG based BCI needs much less training than the EEG based BCI and researchers have shown that highly accurate and fast response. 4.TECHNICAL DETAILS REASON BEHIND WORKING: The reason a BCI works at all is because of the way our brains function. Our brains are filled with  neurons, individual nerve cells connected to one another by dendrites and axons. Every time we think, move, feel or remember something, our neurons are at work. That work is carried out by small electric signals that zip from neuron to neuron as fast as 250 mph. The signals are generated by differences in electric potential carried by ions on the membrane of each neuron. Although the paths the signals take are insulated by something called myelin, some of the electric signal escapes. Scientists can detect those signals, interpret what they mean and use them to direct a device of some kind. It can also work the other way around. For example, researchers could figure out what signals are sent to the brain by the optic nerve when someone sees the color red. They could rig a camera that would send those exact signals into someones brain whenever the camera saw red, allowing a blind person to see without eyes. BCI INPUT AND OUTPUT: One of the biggest challenges facing brain-computer interface researchers today is the basic mechanics of the interface itself. The easiest and least invasive method is a set of electrodes a device known as an  electroencephalograph(EEG) attached to the scalp. The electrodes can read brain signals. However, the skull blocks a lot of the electrical signal, and it distorts what does get through. To get a higher-resolution signal, scientists can implant electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself, or on the surface of the brain, beneath the skull. This allows for much more direct reception of electric signals and allows electrode placement in the specific area of the brain where the appropriate signals are generated. This approach has many problems, however. It requires invasive surgery to implant the electrodes, and devices left in the brain long-term tend to cause the formation of scar tissue in the gray matter. This scar tissue ultimately blocks signals. Regardless of the location of the electrodes, the basic mechanism is the same: The electrodes measure minute differences in the voltage between neurons. The signal is then amplified and filtered. In current BCI systems, it is then interpreted by a computer program, although you might be familiar with older analogue encephalographs, which displayed the signals via pens that automatically wrote out the patterns on a continuous sheet of paper. In the case of a sensory input BCI, the function happens in reverse. A computer converts a signal, such as one from a video camera, into the voltages necessary to trigger neurons. The signals are sent to an implant in the proper area of the brain, and if everything works correctly, the neurons fire and the subject receive a visual image corresponding to what the camera sees. SENSORY INPUT: The most common and oldest way to use a BCI is a cochlear implant. For the average person, sound waves enter the ear and pass through several tiny organs that eventually pass the vibrations on to the auditory nerves in the form of electric signals. If the mechanism of the ear is severely damaged, that person will be unable to hear anything. However, the auditory nerves may be functioning perfectly well. They just arent receiving any signals. A cochlear implant bypasses the non functioning part of the ear, processes the sound waves into electric signals and passes them via electrodes right to the auditory nerves. The result: A previously deaf person can now hear. He might not hear perfectly, but it allows him to understand conversations. The processing of visual information by the brain is much more complex than that of audio information, so artificial eye development isnt as advanced. Still, the principle is the same. Electrodes are implanted in or near the visual cortex, the area of the brain that processes visual information from the retinas. A pair of glasses holding small cameras is connected to a computer and, in turn, to the implants. After a training period similar to the one used for remote thought-controlled movement, the subject can see. Again, the vision isnt perfect, but refinements in technology have improved it tremendously since it was first attempted in the 1970s. Jens Naumann was the recipient of a second-generation implant. He was completely blind, but now he can navigate New York Citys subways by himself and even drive a car around a parking lot. In terms of science fiction becoming reality, this process gets very close. The terminals that connect the camera glasses to the electrodes in Naumanns b rain are similar to those used to connect the VISOR (Visual Instrument and Sensory Organ) worn by blind engineering officer Geordi La Forge in the Star Trek: The Next Generation TVshow and films, and theyre both essentially the same technology. However, Naumann isnt able to see invisible portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Applications: Applications of BCI are described as follows: Neurogaming: Currently, there is a new field of gaming called Neurogaming, which uses non-invasive BCI in order to improve gameplay so that users can interact with a console without the use of a traditional controller. Some Neurogaming software use a players brain waves, heart rate, expressions, pupil dilation, and even emotions to complete tasks or effect the mood of the game. For example, game developers at Emotiv have created non-invasive BCI that will determine the mood of a player and adjust music or scenery accordingly. This gaming experience will introduce a real-time experience in gaming and will introduce the ability to control a video game by thought. Prosthesis control: Non-invasive BCIs have also been applied to enable brain-control of prosthetic upper and lower extremity devices in people with paralysis. For example, Gert Pfurtscheller of Graz University of Technology and colleagues demonstrated a BCI-controlled functional electrical stimulation system to restore upper extremity movements in a person with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury. Between 2012 and 2013, researchers at the University of California, Irvine demonstrated for the first time that it is possible to use BCI technology to restore brain-controlled walking after spinal cord injury. Synthetic telepathy/silent communication: In a $6.3 million Army initiative to invent devices for telepathic communication, Gerwin Schalk, underwritten in a $2.2 million grant, found that it is possible to use ECoG signals to discriminate the vowels and consonants embedded in spoken and in imagined words. The results shed light on the distinct mechanisms associated with production of vowels and consonants, and could provide the basis for brain-based communication using imagined speech. On February 27, 2013Duke University researchers successfully connected the brains of two rats with electronic interfaces that allowed them to directly share information, in the first-ever direct brain-to-brain interface. MEG and MRI: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have both been used successfully as non-invasive BCIs. In a widely reported experiment, fMRI allowed two users being scanned to play Pongin real-time by altering their haemodynamic response or brain blood flow through biofeedback techniques. fMRI measurements of haemodynamic responses in real time have also been used to control robot arms with a seven second delay between thought and movement. Neural Internet: Access to the internet opens a myriad of opportunities for those with severe disabilities, including shopping, entertainment, education, and possibly even employment. Neural control users cannot control a cursor with a great degree of precision, so, therefore, the challenge of adapting a web browser for neural control is in making links—which are spatially organized—accessible. The University of Tuebingen developed a web browser controller to be used with their thought translation device, but it requires the user to select from an alphabetized list of links, causing problems if the link names are identical. They have developed a neurally controlled web browser that serializes the spatial internet interface and allows logical control of a web application. BrainTrainer—Subject Training: The BrainTrainer project researches the most effective ways of teaching a person the brain-signal control needed to interact with a device. The BrainTrainer toolset allows researchers to compose trials by providing simple tasks, such as targeting, navigation, selection, and timing, that can be combined to produce an appropriate-level task for a particular subject.

Humorous Speech by an Old Friend of the Groom (Bridegroom) :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Humorous Speech by an Old Friend of the Groom (Bridegroom) Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. On behalf of the bridesmaids, I would like to thank Michael for his kind words, and I have to say they were absolutely wonderful and have done an excellent job today - I mean the bridesmaids, not the words. Now, it's customary in these speeches to tell a story about the bachelor’s (stag) party, but in this case it won't be possible. That's because Michael has insisted on having his stag party after the wedding. So instead, I was going to tell you about a night out in the big city that Michael and I recently had, which involved beer, bad food and Michael bent over the toilet all night. But this is Magdalene’s day as well, and I don't want to ruin it with Michael's vulgarity. So I've decided to look elsewhere for my material. I started by writing down everything I could think of that Michael and I have done over the 23 years we've been friends (mates). But even this wasn't particularly fruitful, as a lot of it would have got Michael strung up by his mom (mum), some of it would have got me strung up by my mom (mum) and some of it simply involved Michael stringing himself up with a couple of vacuum cleaners within easy reach. So, as it was quite challenging coming up with anything of real substance to tell you about Michael, I thought I’d explain how our bride and groom got together. ‘The romance began,’ as Magdalene describes it, ‘after an outing to the cinema was arranged with five or six mutual friends. But on the night, only Michael and I could make it. We enjoyed each other's company so much we went out together every evening for the rest of the week.’ ‘The romance began,’ as Michael describes, ‘after Magdalene individually bribed six people to pull out of a trip to the cinema so she could finally have an evening alone with me to curse me with her love spell.’ There also seems to be some confusion over which film they saw together that night. Magdalene remembers it to be 'Demolition Man'. Michael remembers it as 'Free Willy'. Despite meeting Magdalene, Michael didn’t desert me and we pursued our interests in gambling, excessive drinking, Playstation and being sick a lot. For me, the most significant moment during this time was Michael getting his ear pierced - even back then he was preparing for marriage - experiencing pain, hurt and buying jewellery.

Channel Conflict Analysis of Schwinn Essay

With Schwinn’s recent expansion into many large-scale retail stores (i. e. Wal-Mart, Toys-R-Us, Target, etc. ), they began to shift into a dual channel marketing strategy. Often times, if not handled properly, this type of approach can result in significant problems for some or all of the distribution channel partners. Fortunately for Schwinn however, they were able to make many critical decisions which ensured that each of the partners’ distinct interests was narrowly aligned with their own. This proactive plan not only motivated many of their smaller independent bicycle dealers to continue carrying their products but it also allowed Schwinn to effectively reach a much larger segment of their target market. By closely analyzing this case, we can learn many valuable lessons regarding the overall importance of strong channel management. Product differentiation was one of the primary ways that Schwinn managed to avoid channel conflict. Schwinn segmented the market and delivered to the different segments of the market through different channels. The product line delivered through the mass market channel consisted of completely different bicycles than those found at the independent bicycle dealers. This segmentation reduced the likelihood of conflict between the two channels, since the two product lines were targeted at segments with little to no crossover. Additionally, Schwinn introduced products like the Sting Ray which had nostalgic appeal and stretched beyond the traditional customer base of the independent bicycle dealers. These types of bicycles provided them with a unique product and furthermore a healthy margin to bolster profits. By maintaining distinct product lines for their two channels, Schwinn was able to minimize multi-channel conflict. The key to motivating channel members is to provide value and benefits to each partner in order to align interests and thus achieve the ultimate goal: satisfy the customer’s needs. Schwinn used both push and pull strategies effectively. By offering a relatively higher margin level than other high-end manufacturers catering to independent bicycle dealers, they were able to restore the confidence and interest of their long term retailers in spite of going for a dual channel strategy. Moreover, as mentioned in the article, unlike most companies in the industry, there was no complicated loyalty formula required to get the best prices from Schwinn. In addition, Schwinn did not require specific pre-order sales in order to carry their products. Instead, suppliers were granted flexible purchasing options so they did not have to unnecessarily stock inventories during their off-seasons (i. e. winter months in cold climates). This push strategy not only reduced the administrative cost of the retailers, but also improved the inventory turnover and ultimately the retailers’ bottom line. Conversely, Schwinn was also able to simultaneously create a pull strategy after they utilized the extensive media exposure of products, such as the Sting Ray, to increase the brand recognition among customers thus drawing them to the independent bicycle dealers. In addition to this, the specialty storeowners found significant profits lying in the repairing of these bikes and selling of parts/accessories. This proved to be a great factor for specialty bike owners to remain in business while selling Schwinn. They had a clear edge over other big retailers like Wal-Mart who did not provide any after sales service to its customers. Because they were making money by servicing the bikes sold at the mass market stores, the independent bicycle dealers were more tolerant of losing some sales on the edge of their segment to Wal-Mart, Target, Toys-R-Us, etc. Schwinn has done a good job of heading off any channel conflict by keeping the incentives aligned for its two main distribution channels. By expanding its product line into major retailers, the company has been able to target a new segment of casual bike riders. With Schwinn’s new line of entry-level bikes, big-box stores can satisfy the needs of casual bike riders by offering a large selection of affordable bikes at convenient locations. Meanwhile, Schwinn still provides a number of incentives to local bike shops, which form the company’s other main distribution channel. These shops still profit from service and repair, which large retailers do not offer. Additionally, some of Schwinn’s higher-end models are exclusively available in bike shops. Finally, Schwinn is flexible with its inventory requirements and offers good margins. By offering different incentives to each of its distribution channels, Schwinn has been able to target more customers while also keeping its retailers happy.

Psychological State of Madness - 1088 Words

Madness is the psychological state of someone who has severe emotional or behavioral problems that require intervention. It is the spectrum of behavior characterized by mental or behavioral patterns deemed abnormal by societal norms, manifesting as violations of acceptable actions, roles, and beliefs of society. The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman centers on the deteriorating mental condition of the female narrator. Gilman demonstrates the progression of her madness through the restriction of her self-expression. As a woman in the 19th century, the narrator exists in a subservient role to her husband and has inferior social status to men. Her social standing dictates that she is not allowed to participate in her own treatment or diagnosis and is completely forced to succumb to everything in which her doctor, who is her husband, dictates. This lack of control contributes to her descent into madness. The rest cure prescribed by her physician husband provided the environmen t for her madness to flourish because it was only by succumbing to her imagination that she retains some control and could exercise the power of her mind. Her husband John is displayed as the strong, practical, and stereotypically masculine who dominates the narrator in a controlling and patronizing manner. He is skeptical of her condition, diagnosing her sickness as merely nervousness and prescribes the rest cure as treatment. She is certain that she needs the opposite of the rest cure; thatShow MoreRelatedHamlet s Madness Is Less Than Madness And More Than Feigned779 Words   |  4 Pages3rd Period Dec. 17. 2015 Fact or Fake? â€Å"Hamlet’s madness is less than madness and more than feigned†. What is madness? Mad is a word with such uncertainty that it can be stretched to mean an abundance of things more than just pure psychological instability: a weariness of life; a suicidal impulse; a plotting charisma. In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, a wild disagreement has been consequent for a series of years in the case of the madness of Hamlet, the play s central narrative, was justifiableRead MoreMadness Vs Madness967 Words   |  4 Pages1. The entire relationship of mental illness and madness and where they stand can be easily identified the past versus the present. Mental or psychological illness, is more commonly seen in today’s society and norm’s, where as madness still occurs yet has a completely different meaning. Madness originally took on the role of a disability, and madness was a concept, that those before us thought, which answered what mental illness truly was. The relevancy between these two concepts are important tooRead MoreA Brilliant Madness about John Forbes Nash Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pagesillness or madness can be an escape also† (qtd. in â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). To many â€Å"normal† people, the terms â€Å"insanity† or â€Å"madness† portray a negative connotation-- the unfortunate ones â€Å"suffer† from mental illness. However, brilliant mathematician and Nobel laureate John Forbes Nash, who has paranoid schizophrenia, cherishes his unique condition as a means of retreat from the brutalities of reality (â€Å"John Forbes Nash†). Since ancient times, people have observed the link between madness and creativeRead MoreHamlet by William Shakespeare656 Words   |  3 Pagesit. There is plenty of psychological depth behind Hamlet’s madness. One could easily argue that Hamlet isn’t actually mad. Hamlet understands that it wouldn’t be wise to immediately kil l Claudius because that means Claudius would be sent to heaven. This doesn’t sit well with Hamlet and feels that Claudius deserves to suffer. Hamlet uses the situation of his father being murdered and concludes that acting mad is the only way to fix the situation. Hamlet uses madness to serve as a motive forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet, The Most Famous Being Hamlet s Own Emotional State1661 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional state. His madness, triggered by his incestuous uncle, has led several scholars to explore the psychological causes of his madness. This research into Hamlet’s madness will explore his madness in comparison to other characters, the psychoanalytical studies behind his madness, and defining whether his madness is genuine or another play within the play. His mother and his uncle have married after only 2 months of Hamlet’s father’s death. This has caused Hamlet to be in a heavy state of angerRead MoreTheme Of Violence In Macbeth1186 Words   |  5 Pagesreveals the psychological state of the characters. Throughout the piece, different levels of dishonourable violent actions reflect a character’s sanity level. Honourable violence shows a sane mind, whereas dishonourable physical violence starts the descent toward madness and dishonourable psychological violence shortens a character’s path to insanity. Shakespeare displays a correlation between the sanity of a person and the intent of their violence, which creates insight about the mental state of thatRead MoreKing Lear Madness Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesWhat defines madness? Is it a state of being that is derived from deterioration of the brain, or is it just extremely foolish behavior created by mayhem and chaos? Perhaps, it is a collaboration of th e two, for without sane cognition the basis of irrationality would not be present, such is the case of King Lear. He is a man riddled with madness inside and out, yet through his state of frenzy and turmoil, Lear unveils unexpected guidance, validity, and enlightenment. It seems impossible for two opposingRead MoreThe Monster Of The White City By Erik Larson1637 Words   |  7 Pagesherself on believing that a prescribed drug given from pharmaceutical doctors are making them feel better. Madness in today’s world can be covered up by those medications, unless everyone is brainwashed in believing that it can. In present society, medicine given to people to â€Å"treat† them for certain mental illnesses is normal to see. In the nineteenth century, people who suffered from mental madness had to deal with the insanity, such as depression or hearing voices, without any help. They had to goRead MoreComparison of Miss Havisham and Lady Macbeth Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout both ‘Great Expectations’ and ‘Macbeth’ surroundings are used to influence and define Miss Havisham’s and Lady Macbeth’s characteristics. These surroundings are not only physical, but also psychological; found in their relationships and trauma from past events. Although both women are presented in different forms Lady Macbeth is also strongly influenced by her physical surroundings. Like Miss Havisham, her home is metaphorical of her characteristics. She lives in a great castle fromRead MoreMind and Hamlet1132 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes, such as revenge, realisation of reality and the questioning of humanity, we can see the different possibilities within Hamlet as an â€Å"admirable text† with enduring human value. Furthermore, the emotional journey of Hamlet and his progression of madness provide further opportunity for differing interpretations. Hamlet connects with audiences from a variety of socio-historic contexts primarily due to its address of fundamental human issues and what it is to be human. Hamlet s soliloquy at the end