Qu es la green card y que informacin hay que saber

La greencard es el documento que acredita que una persona es residente permanente legal en los Estados Unidos (LPR, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Tambià ©n se la conoce como tarjeta de residencia permanente.  Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay  importantes diferencias. Siendo el mà ¡s importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento mà ¡s comà ºn. Cà ³mo se obtiene la green card y por quà © puede ser denegada Hay muchos caminos que conducen a la greencard, siendo los mà ¡s comunes las peticiones de familia, pero hay muchas otras. A la hora de obtenerla hay que tener en cuenta que los trà ¡mites pueden demorarse desde apenas unos meses a mà ¡s de 20 aà ±os, por lo que al iniciar el proceso es un dato a tener en cuenta.  La  forma mà ¡s rà ¡pidas para conseguir la green card es  por ser cà ³nyuge, hijo soltero menor de 21 aà ±os, padre o madre de un ciudadano americano. Tambià ©n conviene saber que hay mà ¡s de 40 razones por las que la greencard puede ser negada al final de la tramitacià ³n porque convierten a una persona en inadmisible para los Estados Unidos. Cà ³mo es la green card La green card es una tarjeta de tamaà ±o similar a una de crà ©dito o dà ©bito que sirve como prueba de que una persona es residente permanente legal. En otras palabras, que ese extranjero puede vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos. Los residentes gozan de importantes derechos, pero su estatus no es igual al de ciudadano, ya que entre unos y otros hay importantes diferencias. Siendo el mà ¡s importante que salvo rarà ­simas excepciones la nacionalidad no se pierde mientras que la pà ©rdida de la residencia es un evento mà ¡s comà ºn. Pero,  ¿es verde la green card? En la actualidad el à ºltimo modelo de green card sà ­ es verde. Ademà ¡s, entre 1946 y 1964 tambià ©n lo fue. Y el nombre se conservà ³ durante dà ©cadas, a pesar de haberse ya modificado el modelo de la tarjeta en numerosas ocasiones y de emitirse en colores distintos al verde. Quà © informacià ³n contiene la Green card Entre la informacià ³n fundamental que ofrece la tarjeta de residencia destacan el nombre de su titular, identificacià ³n de su sexo y fecha de nacimiento. Tambià ©n contiene informacià ³n sobre la categorà ­a por la que se adquirià ³ la green card y la fecha de expiracià ³n, debià ©ndose renovar antes de que alcance esa fecha. Ademà ¡s, contiene el Alien Registration Number, un dà ­gito fundamental para los residentes permanentes legales. Cuà ¡les son sus medidas de seguridad Hasta hace apenas 15 aà ±os era relativamente frecuente poder adquirir en la calle tarjetas de residencia falsas pero que se asemejaban bastante a las verdaderas. Desde entonces las cosas han cambiado y las green card emitidas en los à ºltimos aà ±os ya contienen importantes medidas de seguridad que dificultan su falsificacià ³n. El modelo actual, que comenzà ³ a entregarse a partir del 11 de mayo de 2010 es una tarjeta con importantes medidas de seguridad para evitar tanto la falsificacià ³n como la manipulacià ³n de las mismas. Entre las medidas destacan: Tinta en color cambiante en tonos que van desde el verde al oro. Este efecto puede verse, por ejemplo, en la imagen de la cabeza del à ¡guila cuando se mueve la tarjeta.Foto hologrà ¡fica del titular, tanto en el anverso como en el reverso de la tarjeta.Huellas gravadas mediante tecnologà ­a là ¡ser que permiten la identificacià ³n rà ¡pida y exacta de la persona cuando se entra por la frontera a Estados Unidos. Es decir, con esta tarjeta se evita que un emigrante utilice la tarjeta de otro para ganar entrada al paà ­s.Personalizacià ³n tà ¡ctil tambià ©n realizada mediante là ¡ser.Tecnologà ­a de identificacià ³n por radio frecuencia que permite a los inspectores de Inmigracià ³n leer desde cierta distancia, sin tener la tarjeta en sus manos, un nà ºmero que està ¡ gravado en la tarjeta y conectarlo con toda la informacià ³n digital disponible sobre el titular de dicha tarjeta.Y almacenaje de todos los archivos digitales sobre el titular, incluyendo sus datos biomà ©tricos. Otra informacià ³n interesante que contienen las tarjetas de residencia En la parte posterior de la tarjeta pueden verse microfotos de altà ­sima resolucià ³n de las banderas de los estados y de Presidentes de los Estados Unidos.  ¿Debo solicitar el nuevo modelo de Green card? Las tarjetas de residencia con menos de diez aà ±os son perfectamente và ¡lidas aunque sean de un modelo anterior al actual y, por lo tanto, no hay obligacià ³n de reemplazarlas hasta que llegue su fecha de expiracià ³n. La green card y Real I.D. A partir de octubre de 2020 ya no serà ¡ posible subirse a un vuelo domà ©stico dentro de EE.UU. utilizando como identificacià ³n una licencia de manejar o de identificacià ³n ordinaria. Si no se tiene una licencia Real I.D. serà ¡ posible utilizar la tarjeta de residencia green card como documentacià ³n para embarcar. Obligacià ³n de cargar la green card y otros deberes Existe una obligacià ³n legal que aplica a todos los residentes permanentes legales mayores de 18 aà ±os: deben llevar consigo en todo momento su green card. El gobierno federal puede imponer multas de hasta $100 y/o pena de cà ¡rcel por un mà ¡ximo de 30 dà ­as a las personas que no cumplan con esta obligacià ³n. Esto tambià ©n afecta a la  tarjeta de residencia que està ¡ sellada en el pasaporte  de su titular y que es totalmente và ¡lida y sirve tambià ©n para viajar internacionalmente. Asimismo, los residentes permanentes deben notificar al USCIS sus  cambios de domicilio  en los diez dà ­as siguientes a que se produzca la mudanza. Finalmente, se recomienda tomar este  test  para verificar conocimientos bà ¡sicos sobre cà ³mo obtener y conservar la tarjeta de residencia. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Black Men And Public Space - 968 Words

Imagine being an African American and you see the police in your rearview mirror, is your first reaction fear and anxiety? Imagine being a Caucasian and you see an African American hooded male walking quietly behind you. Is your first reaction fear and anxiety? In both of these cases, the person who is targeted is African American. An understanding of where these feelings stem from could change the feelings in the future. Due to the stigma that black men are all thieves, robbers , and criminals, they are more likely to be targeted by the police. If that stigma was magically erased and people stopped viewing Blacks as criminals, the world would be much more peaceful. This can be done merely through education,telling the truth about blacks and less assumptions. This idea derives from Brent Staples’ â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† (Revelations 167) and Meta Carstarphen’s â€Å"Black Versus Blue: Time for a Cease-Fire?† (Revelations 185). Brent Staples in â €Å"Black Men and Public Space† (Revelations 167) ,expresses his personal issues when it comes to the stigma that has been placed upon him. Being black, he is seen to be a danger. Women clutch their purses and car owners lock their doors at the sight of him. He has done nothing to make them feel threatened except for the fact that he is an African American male. They have no way of knowing what he is capable of doing so they immediately feel fear. They have fear of what they think they know and what they actually don’t know. Although, itShow MoreRelatedBlack Men And Public Space Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are an example of that are â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† by Brent Staples and â€Å"The F Word† by Firoozeh Dumas. The stories, â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† and â€Å"The F Word† are similar because both characters were discriminated against themselves, were not the only ones harassed, and each went through a tough moment . One of the ways the two essays are similar is because both characters were discriminated against themselves. For example, In Black men and Public Space Staples was discriminated againstRead MoreBlack Men And Public Spaces938 Words   |  4 Pagespersonality. Brent Staples is an author and writer for the New York Times. He gives two simple examples of two different people in his excerpts â€Å"Black Men and Public Spaces† and â€Å"Parallel Time† showing their differences and parallelism. â€Å"Black Men in Public Spaces† and â€Å"Parallel Time† show how two black men have been stereotyped. Brent Staples on â€Å"Black Men in public spaces† recited that â€Å"My first victim was a woman- white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on aRead MoreBlack Men and Public Space841 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Men and Public Space Essay In Brent Staples’ personal essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, he tells the readers what happen to a young black man in an urban setting. He pinpointed that people often stereotype you because of color, race, gender, culture or appearance. In addition, the author expresses to us that he notices the space between him and other people, such as women on the street. Some people may disagree that women set a certain amount of space when walking by a black man on theRead MoreBlack Men and Public Space1084 Words   |  5 Pagesrepresented God and all good. From literature we, as a society, have built what later became social rules, giving rise to things such as prejudice. In Brent Staples essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† this is clearly shown by the authors own experiences of antipathy and hostility towards him caused by his own self. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, Brent Staples begins by coming to the realization of the way he’d be viewed for the rest of his life. He describes feelings of uneasiness towards his newfound self-imageRead MoreBlack Men And Public Space Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesIn the news we hear stories about how another black male have been sent to prison. The big question that most people ask is â€Å"why?† He was selling drugs. A petty crime like that gets a black male at least 10 years in prison. Whereas, a white male selling drug gets probation. African American are portrayed as thugs who either sell drugs or are always in the streets terrorizing people. For instance, in the article, THE FIGHT FOR BLACK MEN, by Joshua Dubois. A man named Joe, who lived in a typical africanRead MoreBlack Men in Public Space670 Words   |  3 Pages In the short essay, â€Å"Black Men in Public Space† written by Brent Staples, discusses his own experiences on how he is stereotyped because he is an African American and looks intimidated in â€Å"public places† (Staples 225). Staples, an intelligent man that is a graduate student at University of Chicago. Due to his skin complexity, he is not treated fairly and always being discriminated against. On one of his usual nightly walks he encountered a white woman. She took a couple glances at him andRead MoreBlack Men And Public Space1609 Words   |  7 Pages According to Brent Staples, in his book, â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, he articulates about his experience as a young black man, moving from his small hometown to Chicago, to attend the University of Chicago. He shared that one late evening, walking on a deserted street in Hyde Park, which was an upscale neighborhood in the impoverished section of Chicago. While walking alone on the street, he saw a white, well dressed young lady, walking alone on the same street. He was a distanceRead More Black Men and Public Space in America1804 Words   |  8 PagesBlack Men and Public Space: An Agent of Change African-American men and white men are born and raised within the continental U.S.; each of their own faculty empowered to change the social injustice of a society. The innate qualities of the African American do not compare to those of the white man, yet - â€Å"empowered† they are with character. The foundation for the concept –â€Å"character† is best defined as â€Å"holistic,† meaning of physical, mental and social qualities – A. Adler’s school of thought,Read MoreJust Walk On By : Black Men And Public Space1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe portrait of black men that people have had in their mind for many decades has narrowed their vision about black men and has automatically affected black men’s identity. When it comes to black people, one already has a picture in his or her mind and draws a conclusion about how black people have to look and how they will act. After I read the essay entitled, â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Pu blic Space,† written by Brent Staples, in which he talks about the fearsomeness mistakenly given to himRead MoreThe Portrayal Of The Young Black Men And Public Space1298 Words   |  6 Pagesthe young black male in the late 1980s has not changed much in the United States. Brent Staples is able to reveal the truths of racial stereotyping in the United States, and the stigmas placed on young black males with the use of imagery in Black Men and Public Space. Appealing to the readers’ senses allows for better understanding of the time period Staples is writing about. Visual imagery is used to contrast how Staples appears to his â€Å"victims† and how these â€Å"victims† appear to the public. The fear

Amadio Versus Commercial Bank of Australia

Question: Discuss about theAmadio Versus Commercial Bank Of Australia. Answer: Introduction Mr. and Mrs. Amadio argued that the guarantee was not enforceable by the bank since: There was undue influence when they entered into the contract There was omission of information and misrepresentation of facts. Disguise of facts in obtaining the contract. It was duty of the bank to disclose the overdraft of $270,000 to parents of Mr. Vincenzo Amadio. The bank went ahead to offer them the contract while it was well aware that some information was withheld. and Mrs. Amadio believed that they owed the bank $50 000 for six months as it was explained to them by their son Vincenzo. At the time of signing the document the respondents did not only believe that their liability was limited to $50 000, but also that it was limited in point of time. Had they known the true effect of the document they would not have signed it. They were only induced by the words of their son. For this period the banks never bothered to say a word to Amadios. Therefore the contract amounted to unconscionable bargain. The three conclusions that led to reversing the decision of the trial judge by the court of appeal after examination of the facts are as follows, and Mrs. Amadio were influenced to sign into documents whose contents they did not well understand or rather were unaware of. The Vincenzos parents were subjected to certain special weaknesses due their advanced age, lack of the formal education and their inability to speak English fluently which is the formal language in court and documentation plus less experience in the field of business. Misrepresentation and concealment of some information was wholly blamed to the bank since it was their duty to disclose all facts. The banks was bestowed the responsibility because the banks agent on realizing Vincenzo had not disclosed some information to his parents, he never took action, The bank was obligated to present all information regarding the financial status of companies owned by Mr. Vincenzo. It happened the bank took advantage of the aged parents and refused to unveil all facts of the contract. It was argued by the court of appeal that since the contract was unconscionable, remedy to provide relief is equity. This means that the contract was unfair to one party leaving it without option due to its weakness in bargaining power. There is no award issued for inducement into unconscionable contract but both parties are relived off their obligations (Wood, 2007). Sometimes a bank will need a guarantor to give credit to its customer. Guarantor is a person who will pay the debt of a customer if the customer defaults to pay the debt (CCH Australia Limited, 2010). It is important for one to seek legal advice if he or she intends to be a guarantor. If the bank asks for a guarantor, it means that it has no complete confidence in financial position of the guarantor or his ability to service the loan. A person becomes aware of the borrowers financial difficulties when he is called to act as a guarantor. Normally the bank is no obliged to tell the guarantor about financial status of the borrower (Collins, 2009). Therefore the answer to question three part one is no. However in some circumstances a lender may be required to break this norm and disclose the financial status of a client. In specific provisions both the borrower and lender should agree on disclosing this information to the guarantor. For example if there exists an unusual feature in some particular account that is being guaranteed. Failure to reveal this information may amount to implied representation that the unusual feature did not exist (Liability, 2005). References CCH Australia Limited, 2010. Australian Consumer Credit Legislation. North Ryde: CCH Australia Limited. CCH Australia, L., 2011. Understanding Australian Consumer Credit Law. Macquarie: CCH Australia Limited. Collins, H., 2009. The Law of Contract. revised ed. cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Liability, L., 2005. Lender Liability. London: Sweet Maxwell,. Office of The Federal Register, E. b. I. L., 2014. Title 12 Banks and Banking Part 1100 to End (Revised as of January 1, 2014): 12-CFR-Vol-10. Scottsdale: IntraWEB, LLC. Pearson, G., 2009. Financial Services Law and Compliance in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wood, P. R., 2007. International Loans, Bonds, Guarantees, Legal Opinions. illustrated ed. London: Sweet Maxwell. Yann Aubin, L. d. L. J.-C. V., 2011. International Bank and Other Guarantees Handbook: Middle East and Africa Volume. New York:: Kluwer Law International,.

What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Business on the Internet Essay Example

What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Business on the Internet Paper The past a few years saw the boom and bust of the Internet sector, which is perhaps one of the most dramatic business events for several decades. Shutdowns of Internet companies more than doubled in 2001. However, based on a conservative estimate, only at most ten percent of significant Internet companies have shut down or declared bankruptcy. With the burst of the Internet bubble, people now are becoming more rational. Internet has become an important part of business and government, and less a part of frenzied speculation. Electronic commerce, which covers a much broader scope than mere Internet companies, has been penetrating our life to various degrees. It is no longer time to consider whether it should get involved in our existence but time to examine its implications and so as to make it bring positive changes to us. This paper provides an overview of e-commerce and an analysis of the opportunities and challenges for the world, especially the developing countries. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of trade-related issues. Electronic Commerce Defined Kevin Kelly, the author of New Rules for the New Economy, describes the new business landscape, It is global. It favors intangible things ideas, information, and relationships. And it is intensely interlinked. These three attributes produce a new type of marketplace and society, one that is rooted in ubiquitous electronic networks. That is, the New Economy has been transformed by digital technology in the postindustrial period. Value creation for customers has shifted from physical goods to an economy that favors service, information, and intelligence as the primary sources of value creation. E-commerce may be understood in a broad sense or a narrow sense. The former refers to all the business activities (like buying, selling, and other transactions) that are conducted via communication and business technologies. By this definition, a transaction may be done through telephone, fax, credit card, TV shopping, and the Internet. We will write a custom essay sample on What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Business on the Internet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Business on the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What are Advantages and Disadvantages of Doing Business on the Internet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A narrow sense of definition for e-commerce is different, which refers only to the Internet-based business activities. What we are discussing here is related to the latter kind, i. e. business activities conducted with the help of Internet. According to the World Trade Organization (WTO), electronic commerce is the production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunication networks. It includes: 1) the searching stage where producers and consumers, or buyers and sellers, first interact; 2) the ordering and payment stage once a transaction has been agreed upon; and 3) the delivery stage. In addition, the member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have agreed on a working definition of e-commerce: the networks over which E-commerce activities are carried out (Internet or others), the specific business processes related to e-commerce and the different actors involved (businesses, households or Governments). Economically speaking, e-commerce is a cheap way, by connecting computers everywhere, to carry out those activities which used to cost so much time and money from businesses. All those actions like product promotion, invoicing of merchandise, inventory control, communication with suppliers and customers, etc. can be accomplished over the Internet. With the help of Internet, your communication with your boss or employees two thousand kilometers away is as convenient and efficient as if you were in the same city. The market used to leave too little room for small businesses. However, things are different for the e-commerce. In e-commerce, so long as the business, no matter it is big or small, can move onto the electronic highway, you just go ahead with your business. It is up to the e-commerce consumers to decide which company they like and what products they would like to buy. In a way we may say that e-commerce has brought a revolution to businesses in an all-round way. Unfortunately, up to now, quite a number of companies have not yet realized the significance of e-commerce, not to speak of taking real steps to meet the challenge. Advantages E-commerce has opened an enormous market for all businesses. More and more companies have started doing business on/via the Internet. In Canada, one out of ten companies sold goods and services on the Internet in 1999. The total value for the customer orders received over the Internet was $4. 4 billion (with or without online payment). At present, according to Toronto research firm International Data Corp. the Internet business has grew to a total of US$ 435 billion worldwide by the year 2002. What business owners are mostly concerned about is in what way they can benefit from doing e-business over the Internet, which sounds quite reasonable and understandable. Actually, once you set up a store on the Internet, you have expanded your market to the whole world, which is beyond the customs tariff or the political influence. Although not all visitors to your Net store will ever do any shopping at your store, you should try your best to win them over by your marketing strategies. In fact, what you do for your products/services promotion on the Internet is only a supplementary effort to and not a replacement of your traditional ways of promotion. By your careful designing, consumers are encouraged to become more involved with your products or services. It is highly necessary for e-commerce to think of some special programs. Like the traditional way of building consumers loyalty, companies on the Net may practice the membership reward programs. Many consumers are interested in programs like Frequent Buyers, Point Accumulation or Free Internet Access offered by the credit card companies/banks, airlines, or bookstores. There are a number of ways to conduct B2B transactions online. Ever since the late 1960s, big companies have been doing business on the standardized electronic forms by using EDI. The traditional one-to-one transaction model has been gradually renewed with the advent of Internet: sellers sell directly from their websites; almost all computer-related companies have their own stores on the Net; and some smart virtual marketplaces attempt to bring both sellers and buyers together in one place. It is not hard for us to see that Internet has brought more vitality to the business transactions. Disadvantages of E-commerce As you begin to write your first column in the electronic commerce series, you realize that some business processes may never lend themselves to electronic commerce. For example, unique and high-cost items, such as jewelry or antiques, may continue to be difficult to inspect from a remote location. Most of the disadvantages of electronic commerce today, however, stem from the newness and rapidly developing pace of the underlying technologies. These disadvantages will disappear as electronic commerce matures and becomes more available to and accepted by the general population. Many products and services require that a critical mass of potential buyers be equipped and willing to buy via the Internet. Another example of a technology problem on the Web today is that the color settings on computer monitors vary widely. Clothing retailers find it difficult to give customers an accurate idea of what a products color will look like when it arrives. Most online clothing stores will send a fabric swatch on request, which also gives the customer a sense of the fabrics texture. As technology improves, this disadvantage will become less of an issue. Businesses often calculate their potential profits before committing to any new technology. These calculations have been difficult to perform for investments in electronic commerce because the costs and benefits have been hard to quantify. Technology costs can change dramatically during electronic commerce implementation products (processes) because the technologies can change so rapidly. Many firms have trouble recruiting and retaining employees with the technological, design, and business process skills needed to create an effective electronic commerce presence. Another problem facing firms that want to do business on the Internet is the difficulty of integrating existing databases and transaction-processing software designed for traditional commerce into the software that enables electronic commerce. In addition to the technology and software issues, many businesses face cultural and legal impediments to electronic commerce. Some consumers are still afraid to send their credit card numbers over the Internet. Other consumers are simply resistant to change and are uncomfortable viewing merchandise on a computer screen rather than in person. The legal environment in which electronic commerce is conducted is full of unclear and conflicting laws. In many cases, government regulators have not kept up with technologies. Laws that govern commerce were written when signed documents were a reasonable expectation in any business transaction. As more businesses and individuals find the benefits of electronic commerce to be compelling, many of these technology- and culture-related disadvantages will disappear. Values that Electronic Commerce Creates Electronic commerce creates value by vastly lowering the cost of transferring many types of information, on a one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many basis. On the demand side, the advantages are improved information about the available goods and services, improved access to them as well as more customization that matches the taste of the buyers. On the supply side, electronic commerce can streamline transaction processes and reduce cost. When Cisco Systems replaced its phone and fax ordering process with online ordering, the company saved more than half a billion dollars and reduced error rates from 25% to 2%. Study also shows that there is a lot of cost savings in delivery directly to the home rather than doing so through a store. Internet makes the time when transactions take place flexible, a very important feature in a global economy with different time zones. Thus 24-hour online banking service has brought much convenience at low cost both to the banks and the customers. E-commerce also enables better matching of buyers and sellers, which means more transaction volume and higher market efficiency. In addition, e-commerce has created opportunities for brand new products and industries. Examples are Internet appliances, such Palm Pilots, and Internet-based services, such as PC-to-Phone calls. Moreover, e-commerce creates new markets where preciously transaction and coordination costs were prohibitively high. New View Technologies, formerly known as eSteel. com, aggregates steel producers and purchases from around the world into a single online marketplace. On the macroeconomic level, it is widely recognized that e-commerce, both B2C and B2B models, reduces overall transaction cost, allocates resources better, increases economies of scale and improves the competitiveness of business in general. Despite some existing murkiness, recent studies show that e-commerce does have a positive impact on national growth of productivity and GDP. It is expected that European countries will catch up quickly with the United States, and developing countries, with a certain degree of preparedness, could also converge in productivity with the leading e-commerce countries. Prerequisites of Electronic Commerce The benefits of being integrated in e-commerce look inviting, especially in trade-related issues. But in order to reap these benefits, there are many prerequisites. First, the implementation of e-commerce needs sufficient technologies and infrastructures of computer and telecommunication, whose development is ever accelerating. Countries should have reached a certain stage of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development so that the buyers and suppliers can actually materialize the possibility of conducting e-commerce. Second, electronic commerce also requires the technological and processing capability to make on-line payments and to deliver goods and services to consumers both physically and over the Internet. The appropriate development of financial services and logistics is also an indispensable part of the e-commerce. Despite its prevalence in certain sectors and regions, e-commerce is still in its infancy. There is urgent need, both on the national and international levels, for the establishment of standards, regulations and laws to create an environment of certainty, trust and security of the purchase and sales, as well as for the conveyance and use of information provided online. What E-commerce Means to Developing Countries? E-commerce is unique in its great capacity to go beyond the boundaries of time, space and information. An OECD study shows that there is a linkage between the openness of an economy and ICT spending. Trade in the goods and services are facilitated by the dissemination of ICTs. Countries where ICT spending has increased sharply usually also have sharp growth in trade. Therefore, given its immense effect on international trade as well as investment, e-commerce influences the development and globalization processes of the world. To meet the prerequisites of e-commerce requires a great amount of resources and efforts invested over a long period of time, so e-commerce is one more challenge that the developing countries are facing in the era of so-called new economy. In this realm, there is still much to accomplish for the developed countries and the way is probably even longer for the developing countries. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has studied this issue and come up with two scenarios. In Scenario I, the developing countries may be able to skip certain stages of development, jump on the express train of e-commerce and better integrate themselves in the world economy. A 1% productivity growth in the services sector in Asia would result in welfare gains of US$ 12 billion, GDP growth of 0. 4%, a wage increase of 0. 4% and a growth in services exports of between 2% and 3%. Therefore, e-commerce can become an important tool for development and fast catching-up. However, in Scenario II, developing countries might lag further behind technologically. While developed countries will have welfare gains of US$ 117 billion, the developing world as a whole will experience a huge loss in welfare (close to US$ 726 billion) and GDP, reduction in wages and deteriorating terms of trade. E-commerce could hence constitute an additional factor widening the gap between developed and developing countries. For individual countries, the trade effect of e-commerce is two-fold: On the one hand, new demand and market for goods and services has been created and expanded. Tourism industry, an information-intensive industry, is an important employer and foreign currency earner for developing countries. E-commerce can help maintain and improve their comparative advantage over developed country destinations. Although developing countries lack in modern ICT and financial infrastructures, their customers usually come from developed countries where such infrastructures are modern. Therefore, this obstacle is not formidable. With the adoption of e-commerce and other improvements in the business, the developing countries can reach their customers more directly with more comprehensive and flexible tourism products, reducing and/or eliminating the cost associated with a chain of intermediaries. As a result, the tourist industry of developing countries can become more competitive. E-commerce also makes it possible for consultancy type work such as software development and support to be carried out in the developing countries where consultants are employed to serve customers abroad. This means the sale of services in which the developing country has a comparative advantage (relatively low labor cost), which has not been fully utilized because of restrictions on the movement of natural persons. Microsoft has just moved its Global Technology Engineering Center to China. This is a net benefit to the exporting country in terms of income, retained earnings and employment. On the other hand, sectors that have been shielded from international competition will now be challenged by foreign producers. This might create serious problems for the developing countries, at least in the short term. In various WTO agreements, they have been granted special treatment for a certain period of time so that their domestic industries will not be overwhelmed all at once. With the advent of the e-commerce, it has to be determined what degree of openness is optimal so that the countries can gain from efficiency rather than suffer from the by-effects such as threats to national security and sovereignty as well as unemployment. Over the past decade, the regions with the highest annual growth in goods and services exports were Latin America, North America and Asia, whose shares of world exports also rose, while those of Europe, the Middle East and Africa declined. Africa posted the lowest export growth rate (at 1% per year). The most dynamic regions in terms of exports were also the most dynamic in terms of imports, reflecting a better integration into trade. This shows that although trade has increased in every region of the world, not all regions have benefited equally from the dissemination of trade as a result of new economy, where e-commerce plays a major part. E-commerce helps enhance global economic integration because the new opportunities that it creates bring in certain countries that have previously been left out. For example, www. EthioGift. om is selling Very big sheep- a 35 KG Sheep for Your Familys Feast ($97), featuring a photo (with zoom view) of an attractive brown and white ovine. This Ethiopia-based website is a model of its kind an e-commerce venture based in a developing country doing a booming business with clients in the industrialized world. However, without the necessary infrastructure and technology to connect them in the network of e-commerce, the most disadvantaged countries are threatened with even greater exclusion from trade and investment flows. Africas regression in international trade statistics proves that the digital divide does exist. According to OECD, some countries exclusion is made even more visible by the digital divide. However, the number of those excluded has been dropping steadily thanks to the new technologies. Although it appears that the developing countries have an interest in trading ICT products, the inequality of access to the new technologies is blatant. As long as this inequality persists, the problem cannot be totally solved. Therefore, the impact of e-commerce has two sides. Although its overall impact on the world is positive, we cannot assume that, for any single country under current conditions, the net effect of e-commerce is positive, too. Since e-commerce seems an irreversible trend, measures must be taken to make it work better and fairer for each player. Such efforts shall come both internationally and domestically.

Essay on Demographic Trends That Will Shape U.S. Policy in the Twenty-First CenturyEssay Writing Service

Essay on Demographic Trends That Will Shape U.S. Policy in the Twenty-First CenturyEssay Writing Service Essay on Demographic Trends That Will Shape U.S. Policy in the Twenty-First Century Essay on Demographic Trends That Will Shape U.S. Policy in the Twenty-First CenturyIn the article â€Å"Demographic Trends That Will Shape U.S. Policy in the Twenty-First Century†, Janet M. Wilmoth and Charles Longino analyze the current demographic trends of American population that have a strong impact on the existing age-related public policy. The authors of the article are focused on the 21-st century public policy. They provide general background information on the issue, which refers to the current demographic trends, placing emphasis on the key characteristics of the older adult population. It has been found that â€Å"demographic trends do set the stage on which public policy decisions will play out† (286). Today it is crucial for policy makers to take into consideration the increased number of older adults in the country, as well as their geographic distribution. Age-related policies should be focused on finding the ways to improve health, reduce mortality rate and disability level. Besides, policy makers should pay special attention to certain changes in the structure of present day American families. According to Janet M. Wilmoth and Charles Longino, â€Å"From 1900 to 2000, the population aged 65 or older increased from almost 3 million to nearly 35 million, and it is projected to nearly triple to almost 90 million by 2060† (270). These facts mean that the increasing number of older adult population may have a strong impact on public policies. The major reason of the growth rate is â€Å"the aging of the baby boom cohort† (Wilmoth Longino 270). The authors of the article highlight not only older adult trends, but also current trends among young adults and middle-aged adults. The authors state that women’s labor force participation has been changed over the past decades. The increased women’s labor force participation influences family structure. Thus, policy makers should not overlook the variation in women ’s labor force participation. In general, the authors of the article place emphasis on several important unpredictable factors that shape the U.S. public policy in the 21-st century, including the economic growth in the U.S., the projected characteristics of the population, the political climate in the country, and other factors. These factors can be regarded as the so-called â€Å"wild cards†, which â€Å"increase uncertainty about the social implications of population aging and make current policy debates more challenging† (Wilmoth Longino 288).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   My response to this article is positive. The authors discuss significant issues, which have direct relation to current situation in the U.S. It is very important to understand the nature of challenges, which affect shaping the U.S. public policy in the 21-st century. Policy makers should be ready to take imperative action in order to avoid considerable cuts in spending or â €Å"more substantial tax increases† that may have negative impact on the ability of the U.S. government to solve problems caused by some unexpected events, such as war actions and financial crisis. This article is worth reading and analyzing as it provides much important information on planning for policy changes. The authors use valid sources, which contribute to better understanding of the key demographic trends that affect the formation of the U.S. public policy in the 21-st century, e.g. statistical data, peer-reviewed journals, documentation on public policy, and official websites of the relevant institutions. Due to the general background information on the issue of public concern, it is possible to assess the role of current demographic trends that are associated with shaping the age-related public policy in the U.S.

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Biography

Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Biography Occupation:  orator; labor organizer, IWW organizer; socialist, communist; feminist; ACLU founder; first woman to head the American Communist Party Dates:  August 7, 1890 - September 5, 1964 Also Known as:  Rebel Girl of Joe Hills song Quotable Quotes: Elizabeth Gurley Flynn Quotes Early Life Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was born in 1890 in Concord, New Hampshire. She was born into a radical, activist, working-class intellectual family: her father was a socialist and her mother a feminist and Irish nationalist. The family moved to the South Bronx ten years later, and Elizabeth Gurley Flynn attended public school there. Socialism and the IWW Elizabeth Gurley Flynn became active in socialist groups and gave her first public speech when she was 15, on Women under Socialism. She also began making speeches for the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, or Wobblies) and was expelled from high school in 1907. She then became a full-time organizer for the IWW. In 1908, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn married a miner she met while traveling for the IWW, Jack Jones. Their first child, born in 1909, died shortly after birth; their son, Fred, was born the next year. But Flynn and Jones had already separated. They divorced in 1920. In the meantime, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn continued to travel in her work for the IWW, while her son often stayed with her mother and sister. Italian anarchist Carlo Tresca moved into the Flynn household as well; Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Carlo Trescas affair lasted until 1925. Civil Liberties Before World War I, Flynn was involved in the cause of free speech for IWW speakers, and then in organizing strikes, including those of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, and Paterson, New Jersey. She was also outspoken on womens rights including birth control, and joined the Heterodoxy Club. When World War I started, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and other IWW leaders opposed the war. Flynn, like many other war opponents at that time, was charged with espionage. The charges were eventually dropped, and Flynn picked up the cause of defending immigrants who were being threatened with deportation for opposing the war. Among those she defended were  Emma Goldman  and Marie Equi. In 1920, Elizabeth Gurley Flynns concern for these basic civil liberties, especially for immigrants, led her to help found the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). She was elected to the groups national board. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was active in raising support and money for Sacco and Vanzetti, and she was active in trying to free labor organizers Thomas J. Mooney and Warren K. Billings. From 1927 to 1930 Flynn chaired the International Labor Defense. Withdrawal, Return, Expulsion Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was forced out of activism not by government action, but by ill health, as heat disease weakened her. She lived in Portland, Oregon, with Dr. Marie Equi, also of the IWW and a supporter of the birth control movement. She remained a member of the ACLU board during these years. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn returned to public life after some years, joining the American Communist Party in 1936. In 1939, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was re-elected to the ACLU board, having informed them of her membership in the Communist Party before the election. But, with the Hitler-Stalin pact, the ACLU took a position expelling supporters of any totalitarian government, and expelled Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and other Communist Party members from the organization. In 1941, Flynn was elected to the Communist Partys Central Committee, and the next year she ran for Congress, stressing womens issues. World War II and Aftermath During World War II, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn advocated womens economic equality and supported the war effort, even working for Franklin D. Roosevelts reelection in 1944. After the war ended, as anti-communist sentiment grew, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn again found herself defending free speech rights for radicals. In 1951, Flynn and others were arrested for conspiracy to overthrown the United States government, under the Smith Act of 1940. She was convicted in 1953 and served her prison term in Alderson Prison, West Virginia, from January 1955 to May 1957. Out of prison, she returned to political work. In 1961, she was elected National Chairman of the Communist Party, making her the first woman to head that organization. She remained chairman of the party until her death. For a long time a critic of the USSR and its interference in the American Communist Party, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn traveled to the USSR and Eastern Europe for the first time. She was working on her autobiography. While in Moscow, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was stricken ill, her heart failing, and she died there. She was given a state funeral in Red Square. Legacy In 1976, the ACLU restored Flynns membership posthumously. Joe Hill write the song Rebel Girl in honor of Elizabeth Gurley Flynn. By Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: Women in the War. 1942. Womens Place in the Fight for a Better World. 1947. I Speak My Own Piece: Autobiography of the Rebel Girl. 1955. The Rebel Girl: An Autobiography: My First Life (1906-1926). 1973.

Journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Journal - Assignment Example The advertisement is spread across one-third of the page, and though it is a black and white advertisement, catches the eye because of its dimensions. On the top of the advertisement three international students are present and in the background the names of the cities of Dubai, Singapore, Sydney, and Toronto can be seen. This visual covers nearly half the advertisement, with the other half detailing the highlights of the study program and the institution. The focus is on creating an international flavor to the advertisement, which is done through the visual, and is the feature of the advertisement that draws students to read the print part of the advertisement. The logo of the institution is displayed boldly at the left hand corner of the advertisement, below the print current and to add to its authenticity the logo of the Associations of MBA and the accreditation provided by the association is placed alongside the logo of the institution. The text of the advertisement essentially attempts to provide the quality of this education program with the subtle addition of the accreditation to the details of the study program and the quality of the academicians of the institution and the quality of the affiliated universities at Sydney and Toronto. A term is spent either at The Australian School of Business, University of New South Wales, Sydney, which is ranked first among the business schools in Australia and fifth in Asia, or at The York’s University’s Schulich School of Business, Toronto, which is ranked first among the business schools in Canada, and sixteenth worldwide. In all the print tries to establish that this MBA program is a combined venture of three renowned educational institutions in the world. The text also tries to highlight that this is a one-year study program that is equivalent to other similar two-year program, and justifies the short duration of the course and the advantages derived from i t. The

Bipolar Disorder and its misdiagnosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bipolar Disorder and its misdiagnosis - Essay Example It is considered a genetic malfunction of specific neurotransmitters which lie inactive until a stressor in life triggers them. There are certain medications which can also trigger mania for example antidepressants can produce mania in some of the patients who are vulnerable to bipolar disorder. Therefore it is very necessary to treat bipolar disorder with care and caution as because a depressive episode can readily turn into a manic episode. Some other stressors as lack of sleep, frequent use of stimulants and alcohol can increase the risk of the bipolar disorder. Hence, depression and bipolar/manic depression are two very different conditions and necessitate accurate diagnosis before treating any of the disorders. Bipolar disorder is further subdivided into three types, Including Bipolar I, II and Cyclothymic disorder. Type III bipolar disorder which is not a DSM-IV recognized disorder and includes relatives of the manic depression sufferers who themselves suffered from major depre ssive episodes. ... (PubMed, 2011)Carbamazipine, Lithium, Valproate, Lamotrigine and other ant seizure drugs can help reduce the severity of the situation. Antipsychotics and anti anxiety for mood problems are suggested. More than 25% patients are misdiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms of manic depression and unipolar depression. However, use of antidepressants can lead to increase risk of suicide and mania in patients of bipolarism. Underuse of effective medication and overuse of antidepressants is common among the misdiagnosed patients which is possibly a harmful treatment regimen for the bipolar patient. The patients with early onset and treatment refractory depression are the ones mostly misdiagnosed as unipolar depression instead of bipolarism. For this purpose a study was conducted in United Kingdom and approved by Cardiff and Vale University health board. It aimed to determine the extent of misdiagnosis in the primary care patients with unipolar depression who satisfy the DSM IV criteria of bip olar depression. Second aim was to investigate the usefulness of two screening instruments of testing Bipolar disorder and if patients with false positive results from these testing gears differ from manic patients in the study. For this purpose a total of 3117 patients were selected eligible from the data base of practitioners who fulfilled the criteria. Invitation sheets with HCL 32 and BSD questionnaire was sent to the participants. 576 patients replied with completed questionnaire and were divided in two groups and were reviewed according to age, gender and first diagnosis of depression and patients on continued medication. There were high scorers, scoring more than 13 or 14 in HCL and BSD’s and a group of low scorers with

Gender Differences in Leadership Essay Example for Free

Gender Differences in Leadership Essay 1. What are the strongest points of the paper? What do you consider are its main contributions to the field of global people management? The paper itself has a very interesting purpose with the research question of whether women leaders are â€Å"really† different from men leaders. The paper gives a very good introduction in particular giving the literature review in order to get familiar with some basic knowledge on the topic of gender differences in leadership. The review focus combination of stereotypes and cultural differences stresses out well a new viewpoint of the problem, which has not been discussed that widely in prior research. Also the introduction of the new notion â€Å"stereotype threat†, which actually might be viewed as a partly solution for women sometimes performing not as well as they possibly could is an interesting point for management issues in reality. However the strongest points of the paper are evident. The introduction of the new concept of three paradigms: gender-blind view, gender-conscious view and that perception creates reality are not only the strongest points of the paper, but in my opinion can also be considered as contributions to the field of global people management. This new paradigms could possibly change the perception of companies, maybe companies will use the tool of the three paradigms to analyse their own structures and be able to improve situations for women, giving them more possibilities. 2. What are the weakest points of the paper? (E.g. What arguments are not strong enough? What is not clear? What is missing?) Potential drawbacks are that paradigms are introduced, but not sufficiently discussed within. Also the paper gives good examples where they can be found, it could show more proof for their existence apart from summarising and drawing them together from old findings. Also the paper does not find a good way how to manage diversity and to capture it. It does not manage the combination of cost-effective coordination and senility to local cultures. Likewise the paper focuses on only two firms, â€Å"Fuel† and â€Å"Excel†, which are very different in how they â€Å"fill† out the paradigms. In my opinion two firms are not enough, more firms should be reviewed for example in a questionnaire in order to give more support for the findings. Correspondingly the paper does not include a focus on multinational firms, which is very important not to leave out in times of globalization. The last criticism is that the paper is unable to answer it’s paper purpose question à ¢â‚¬Å"what is the real difference between men and women in leadership†. 3. How could the author make the paper better? When writing the literature review the could build up the research papers and the gained knowledge chronologically and not going back and forth in the research dates. As the paper is missing some numbers, the technique of hypothesis could have been used, a bigger number of companies questioned in survey style as then a quantitative analysis would exist as evidence for whether the problem exists in real life and whether paradigms can be implied in the general management world. Also the point of view of women on this topic would be very interesting and more expedient. How do women perceive the gender different initiatives, what would they like as support? Also the paper as already mentioned should include a focus on multinational firms and include those in a study.

Essay --

This research project investigates whether ensemble statistics are also possible in the sound intensity domain. It has been established that people represent multiple objects as ensembles in many types of stimuli in visual domain. Also, some studies investigated this ability in auditory domain on frequency. The present study aims to show that people can also represent a set of varying decibels as an ensemble. This ability might be crucial given that in daily life people are exposed to multiple levels of sound intensities and extracting summary statistics can be beneficial to guide attention to more salient sounds, like rising sound which can indicate an approaching target, among many others. To investigate whether people represent different decibels as ensembles this study used dynamic exposure in temporal sequences and to get finer grained responses used a response method in which participants generated their own instead of choosing among alternatives. Since the relationship between decibel increase and perceived loudness increase is not linear but it follows Stevens’ power rule, it is expected that participants’ responses will provide a better fit with Stevens’ exponent for loudness in perceiving the average loudness of sounds. â€Æ' In daily life, along with individual stimuli, people encounter with crowds of stimuli and they are able to perform in the face of the abundance of stimuli. Given that sensory systems’ capacity is limited to a certain amount of information, (Alvarez & Cavanagh, 2004), instead of representing every single object individually, there may be another way for representing group of items (Ariely, 2001). Ensemble representations, which can be defined as representations that give the compressed summary statistics... ...rentiating softer sounds would not be likely, a type of dynamic display should be used. For this study, discrete presentation of individual sounds in following temporal sequences will be used. Also, as for the response selection, people will generate their own responses. This, as also suggested by Haberman and Whitney (2009), allows getting a finer grained response from the participants. Hence, this study proposes that as it is the case for many other properties of various stimuli types, humans should be able to extract summary statistics of a set of sound decibels, which is a fundamental property of our acoustic environment, but this averaging should follow Stevens power function on loudness. This research project first explores whether this is the case, whether people can find the average decibel of sounds that are presented dynamically in temporal sequences.

Hot Wet Equatorial Climate

THE HOT, WET EQUATORIAL CLIMATE Distribution -Is found between 5 ° and 10 °N and S of the equator. Its greatest extent is found in the lowlands of the Amazon, Congo D. R, Malaysia and the East Indies. -Further away from the equator, the influence on the on-shore Trade Winds gives rise to a modified type of equatorial climate with the Monsoon influences. -Within the tropics, the equatorial highlands have a distinctively cooler climate, modified by altitude such as the Cameron highlands, northern Andes and Kenyan highlands in East AfricaMap CLIMATE 1. Temperature – The most outstanding feature of an equatorial climate is its great uniformity of temperature through out the year – The mean annual temperatures are always around 27 °C with very little variation. -there is no winter. -cloudiness and precipitation help to moderate the daily temperature so that even at the equator itself the climate is bearable. -regular land and sea breezes also assist in maintaining a tr uly equable climate. -the diurnal range is small and so is the annual range.Figures below illustrate the rhythm of climate experienced in two different equatorial regions, one on lowland (Kuala Lumpur) and the other on the highland (Bogota). Kuala Lumpur Month JFMAMJJASOND Temp( °C)262627272727262626262627 Rainfall (mm)170170236279216127104157185274257231 Annual precipitation 2 413mm Annual temperature range 1 °C (27 °C – 26 °C) Bogota Month JFMAMJJASOND Temp( °C)141415151414141414141414 Rainfall (mm)948912424416581668474213224142 Annual precipitation 1 610mm Annual temperature range 1 °C (15 °C – 14 °C) 2. Rainfall – Rainfall is heavy, between 1 524mm and 2 540mm and well distributed throughout the year. There is no month without rain. There are two periods of maximum rainfall, April and October which occur shortly after the equinoxes. The double rainfall peaks coinciding with the equinoxes are a characteristic feature of equatorial climates not found in any other type of climate. -Due to great heat in the equatorial belt mornings are bright and sunny. There is much evaporation and convection air currents are set up, followed by heavy downpours of convectional rains in the afternoon from the towering cumulonimbus clouds. -Besides the convectional rainfall, mountainous regions also experience much Orographic or relief rainfall.In addition, there are some intermittent showers from cyclonic atmospheric disturbances caused by the convergence of air currents in the doldrums. -The relative humidity is constantly high (over80%) making one feel sticky and uncomfortable. NATURAL VEGETATION -Equatorial region support a luxuriant type of dense vegetation –the tropical rain forest- because of heavy rainfall and uniform temperature. -In the Amazon lowlands, the forest is so dense and so complete that a special term ‘Selvas’ is used. 1. A great variety of vegetation -The equatorial vegetation comprises a multitude of evergreen trees that yield tropical hardwood e. . mahogany, ebony, greenheart, cabinet woods and dyewoods. -There are smaller palm trees, climbing plants like lianas or rattan which may be hundred of metres long and epiphytic and parasitic plants that live on other plants. -Under the trees grow a wide variety of creepers, ferns, orchids and lalang 2. A distinct layer arrangement .-From the air, the tropical rain forest appears like a thick canopy of foliage. All plants struggle upwards for sunlight resulting in a peculiar later arrangement. -The tallest trees attain a height of 45m with dense undergrowth that can tolerate shade. 3. Multiple species Trees of equatorial rainforest are not found in pure stands of a single species like in the temperate where forests where only a few species occur in a particular area. This has made timber exploitation to be difficult. 4. Forest clearings -Many parts of the virgin tropical rainforests have been cleared either for lumbering or shifting c ultivation. When these clearings are abandoned, less luxuriant secondary forests, called belukar in Malaysia, spring up. -These are characterised by short trees and very dense undergrowth. Mangrove forests thrive in the coastal areas and brackish swamps. LIFE AND DEVELOPMENTThe equatorial regions are generally sparsely populated. In the forests most primitive people live as hunters and collectors and the more advanced ones practice shifting cultivation. Food is so abundant in such a habitat that many people worry very little the life of the next day. There are numerous animals, birds and reptiles and can be hunted to serve the needs of the community. Crops grown include manioc (tapioca), yams, maize, bananas and groundnuts. Plantation agriculture is also practised widely with the outstanding crop, rubber. Malaysia and Indonesia are the leading producers of rubber.Another tropical crop is cocoa, which is more extensively cultivated in West Africa in Ghana and Ivory Coast. Other crops include oil palm, cocoanuts, coffee, tea, tobacco, spices, bananas, pineapples, etc. FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT †¢Equatorial climate and health: excessive heat and humidity expose human beings to sunstroke and to such diseases as malaria and yellow fever. †¢Prevalence of bacteria and insect pests. †¢Jungle hinders development and maintenance. †¢Rapid deterioration of tropical soil. †¢Difficulties in lumbering and live stock farming. †¢Poor pasture.

PR and HER professional

How to evaluated and chose several selection devices such as interview or ability tests to reject or accept applicants. To evaluated and chose whether or not to utilize integrity testing and drug jesting. Introduction The human resources department will go through a number of steps of selection of candidates for the new office. There will be important process and procedure for recruitment and selection by the help of interviews and other techniques.In any business process the steps for formal selection and recruitment are based on the important motive. It ensures that the candidates are put in the right place for particular roles and responsibilities in an organization. Legal Aspects Here are the following laws legislation impacting the recruitment and election process that are to be taken care before a person can be recruited for the new facility.Equal Pay Act 1970 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976/Amendment Act 2000 Parental Leave Regulations 1 999 The Disability Discrimination Act 1 996, 2005, 2006 EX. Directive 1000/78/SEC on Equal Treatment in Employment Equal Act 2006 work and Families Act 2006 The general philosophy of equality legislation is that individuals are treated right and not judged on the basis of their external characteristics such as age, gender but on individual merit; that is the general rule and violation of it institutes discrimination.Equality legislation does not prevent selection on the basis of merit (Purcell, 2003). Preliminary screening This step will be carried out in three stages because the preliminary screening should only filter out the candidates who cannot become part of the company even after the required training and mentoring because they lack the basic aptitude level required to imbibe the functional expertise along with the organizational behavior of the company.These candidates whose career and personal goals are not in line with the organizational goals need to be laminated at this stage (Purcell, 200 3). Resume shortening The first step pertains to the resume shortening which will be done to see if the candidate has any inclination towards the products offerings of the company and is dynamic enough to become part of the company. It depends on the functional expertise and the job description whether the candidate fulfills the required prerequisites like education, extracurricular, professional courses etc.This stage is crucial as it will enlist the qualify set of the prospective candidates (sermon, 2007). Written test The next step is to conduct the written test which will be designed to test the candidate basic knowledge regarding the recent trends in the technological products. This will be aimed at eliminating the students who look good on paper but lack the practical knowledge about the industry. This stage would enlist the consideration set of candidates that are to be considered for the later stage.Group discussion This stage will aim at weeding out the candidates who do no t have group communication skills which is required for inter-functional interactions and negotiations. This company is a geographically diverse organization; the products are a result Of the massive inter-functional conflicts and resolutions. Any individual who become a part of the company should have the ability to put across his or her thoughts effectively and clearly to avoid confusions.This stage will make sure that the candidate can work in a dynamic work environment to go to the next stage because they will be able to manage the inter-personal conflicts arising out the difference in the expertise and functional aspects of an individual (Purcell, 2003). Group interview Candidates who go through group interview process will be pitted against each other to bring out the best in them and see how they perform in peer pressure situations.This will make them bring out all the knowledge which can be further used to judge if they have enough technical knowledge. This stage will bring out the best in an individual and make the recruiter understand the inner skills of the candidate and the ability to perform under extreme completive forces in and outside the company (Keeps and Delver, 2007). Persona interview This stage of the selection process is the most crucial as this will understand the innermost drives and ambitions of the candidate.This will determine if the candidate fits well with the goals of the organizational culture of the company. This stage is the most crucial of all stages as this will let the recruiter know the goals, aspirations, abilities and the manner that is not possible with any other methods. The interview should be both functional, which will judge the technical expertise required to carry out the roles and responsibilities of the candidate and HER interview will judge the overall resonantly of the candidates (Armstrong 2008). Functional The first personal intent. IEEE is aimed at understanding the technical knowledge in depth and cross qu estioning in order to make sure if the candidate is theoretically driven and understand the concepts as well. This round will be more rigorous for product development, logistics, operations, R and D less for sales and marketing, PR and HER professional. The interview should be unstructured in order to provide maximum control to the candidate because this is not an elimination round but a selection round. This will ensure that anxiety is reduced and the candidate performs at his or her best (Allen and White 2007).HER This round of interview will play a deciding role in the hiring of the candidate as it will decide further if the candidate fits well in the job description. This round can be considered as a formality for some candidate as they fit to the requirement of the company as judged in the previous rounds. It is essential to finally ask the perspective employees about their long term goals and short term goals and how they are going to fulfill them by working for the organizati on (Allen and White 2007). References Allen, M. R. ND White, p. (2007) Strategic management and HARM, in Oxford Handbook of Human Resources Management, deed Peter Boxful, John Purcell and Patrick Wright, Oxford University Press, Oxford Armstrong, M. (2008). Strategic Human Resources Management: A Guide to Action Fourth edition, United Kingdom, Kananga Page Limited Keeps, S. , & Delver,J. E. (2007). HARM systems and the problem of internal fit. In p. Boxful, J. Purcell & P. M. Wright (DES. ), the handbook of human resources management (up. 385-404). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

This Boys Life Essay Example

This Boys Life Essay Example This Boys Life Essay This Boys Life Essay This Boys Life, by Tobias Wolff is an autobiography, which shows the young Tobiass struggle to grow up in a dysfunctional family. Deception, Disguise and illusion are the weapons the young Tobias Wolff has to adopt in order to get along in his life. This Boys Life starts on the road from Florida to Utah when Wolff and his mother are trying to escape the grasp of her violent boyfriend Roy. To get away from a man my mother was afraid of They Drive to Utah and expect to get rich on uranium but when they got there they discovered all the uranium that was to be found had been. They then ventured on until they got to Salt Lake City where his mothered figured there must be some ore around there. Although no one had ever found uranium in Salt Lake City, she did not take this as a deterrent, in fact she took it as more reason to go. The fact that nobody had found any meant that we would have the place pretty much to ourselves. This is when we first experience his mothers optimistic view on most issues. If she wants it badly enough, she will do anything she can to get it and no facts or stories can make her change her mind. They got to Salt Lake City. They found no uranium. What they did find was Roy. Yet again, they leave in a hurry to escape Roy. This time escaping to Seattle. They lived in Seattle, and Wolff enjoys his stay there. Roy does not find them, to rosemary and Wolffs delight. Now in Seattle Wolff has a new enemy, Marion. Marion sees straight through Wolff and can tell his kind a mile away. The dislike is mutual though, because Wolff is not too keen on her, but is scared of her: Her arms were as thick as a mans Marian was constantly trying to get rid of Wolff, and that meant getting rid of his mother as well, although she did not dislike Wolffs mother, although she did pity her, mainly for being so trusting of the Toby she knows. Marian finally got her wish when Dwight stepped in. Loving, caring and very trusting, Rosemary, at a glance, seems like the perfect mother. However, once studied we realize she is far from the perfect mother. Although she is very loving, her ability to love Wolff does not match her ability to control him. This lack of control over Wolff is a result of her own childhood abuse from daddy which got so bad that he even spanked Rosemary for no reason but to satisfy his own need for power. Daddy spanked her almost every night on the theory that she must have done something wrong that day As well as her violent upbringing giving her a contradictory hatred of coercion, it also influenced her choice of men. Rosemary had been a victim all her childhood life, which meant she had to be victimized by someone in her adult life to compensate for daddy. This need made rosemary prone to men of the tyrant breed. Although Rosemary did in fact fail to be a good mother to Wolff he obviously loved her and the way in which she is portrayed in this novel reflects the love he still has for her, though even he knows she failed him. And then came Dwight. This Quote really sums up Wolffs attitude towards Dwight. Dwight on the outside seemed respectable, romantic and a very father-like figure, but as soon as he has his foot in the door we discover the real Dwight. This being a man of spite, jealousy and most of all power. This need for power results In Wolff being brutal beaten for no reason but for Dwights own amusement, as Rosemary was with her own father. As soon as Wolff arrived in Chinook the violence started. The first time we realise Dwight is not who he seems is on Wolffs way to Chinook Youre in for a change, mister. You got that? Youre in for a whole nother ball game This change Wolff has to circum to happens, but not because Wolff is willing. Once in Chinook, Dwight gets to work on re-shaping Wolff. This re-shaping meant filling up Wolffs time so that he had no time to carry on his delinquency, which was very prominent in his life in Seattle. Although Dwight was very strict on Wolff about minor things of no importance. On the major events, such as fighting, Dwight was very much in favour of Wolffs actions and even tried to help Wolff. I can show you a couple of moves that will show little lord Gayle wondering what month hes in Although at times worrying, Tobias Wolff as a main character makes for a very interesting read. He is ever changing and so badly wants to be someone other than himself he goes to the extreme length of changing his name. Wolff is a very two-faced charachter. In his mothers eyes he is the perfect son, but in the eyes of anyone other than his mother, he is a liar, a cheat, a thief and an all round delinquent. As well as these traits he also has a very contradictory love of Power. Whilst reading this novel we would tend to think Wolff would hate the thought of power, but as his grandfather before him, he enjoys the feeling of power and as a result he worrying respects the nazis because of their snappy uniforms as well as their ability to control, they wanted to be as powerful as the nazis. looked up people with Jewish-sounding names and screamed at them in pig German Wolff wanting to compel respect was the main reason he enjoyed scouting so much. Wolff was a keen scout, and although made to scout as punishment from Dwight, he loved scouting. He loved the power scouts had over people with their sharp uniforms and he loved the way being a scout made him feel like a soldier. On the other side Wolff was everything he did not truly want to be. He was always searching for someone he could trust and never found that someone during his adolescent life. Wolff believed he was an intelligent person capable of grade As, though his need to be cool was the only reason he only achieved grade Cs. I lived in perpetual Dusk is the statement that I believe sums up Wolffs adolescent life, and in a way, it is a very saddening thing to be said about a young boy. In my opinion Wolff, although a delinquent at the beginning of the novel, proved himself of the virtues he claimed to have in the end when he tries to be who he truly is by going to private school via a scholarship. But like everything else in his life, that falls through as well. This Boys Life is an autobiography told in a very frank, unforgiving voice. This novel presents us with very complex charachters that echo our real life experiences. No excuses are given for actions taken as a child by Tobias Wolff. The man can give no help to the boy The narrative style of the novel works very well with the elements that we face inside the novel. This works because the Novel is not written in chronological order and the adult Wolff gives many statements telling us how these events have affected his life throughout his life. Also the way in which Wolff has spent time considering the different sections of his life to report on and what to call these sections has a great affect on the overall readability of this novel. This Boys Life is a novel that leaves us with a sense of relief. Mainly relief that we dont have as many family problems as Wolff but also relief that now we know what not to do with our lives, and that we should be seen as we see ourselves and not to be seen as others want us to be. This boys life is a very well crafted novel and I would seriously recommend it to anyone between the ages of ten and sixteen as it really touches the heart with the issues that it raises.

Clint Schaff (LA Times)

Why Marketers Should Think Like Publishers w/ Clint Schaff (LA Times) How do you create content? Plan for it? Identify what will resonate with your audience? Marketers need to think of themselves as content producers and publishers. They’re all trying to come up with a story that has an angle and narrative to provide insight or leadership. Today, we’re talking to Clint Schaff, vice president of strategy and research at the Los Angeles Times. Clint is a dynamic marketer and journalist who offers his perspective on marketers as content creators and publishers, and journalists and media storytellers as marketers. He shares processes around content planning, creation, and promotion. Doing social good by transforming relationships between consumers and brands; content creation is meant to serve an advocacy for communications Content to cover involves complicated collaboration, stories consistent with brand, and commercial viability Feedback from influencers and data on your audience help determine content Editorial calendar serves as a way to plan and manage content Return on investment (ROI) and generating revenue from content Create unique, exclusive content experiences through experimentation Leverage different mediums and promote content through social media, paid advertising, and other ways to get more content and generate attention Write weekly summary of what you did and what you’re going to do to make sure everyone on your team is moving in the same direction Be a better marketer by making a list of the most surprising things you could do to move toward your objective Links: Los Angeles Times Dirty John Podcast Chartbeat LA Times Festival of the Books What topics and guests do you want on the Actionable Marketing Podcast? Send me your suggestions! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Clint Schaff: â€Å"It’s about content creation that’s meant to serve an advocacy for something. Advocacy for communications, whether that’d be for a brand or a cause or an idea or story.† â€Å"If you create amazing, impeccable journalism, but no one reads it, and you haven’t figured out how to meet a need in the market, well, that’s not a very good business.† â€Å"Our whole brand is based on credibility and trust.† â€Å"We’re turning on the dials, trying every possible way to get eyeballs on our content that people need to see.†

Muscular and Skeletal system Worksheet Assignment

Muscular and Skeletal system Worksheet - Assignment Example 4. How does the saying â€Å"use it or lose it† apply to muscles? What type of exercise is the best way to improve muscle strength? Muscle size? In your answer, be sure to explain how the different types of exercise work to increase strength or size! The saying â€Å"use it or lose it† applies to muscles in the sense that muscles grow because of usage and working out. The lack of these activities brings about atrophy to muscles and their core neuro-pathways. The best type of exercise for improving muscle strength is resistance exercise while weightlifting improves muscle size. Resistance training develop muscle mass that causes one to revel in sturdier bones, an increased metabolism, and improved glucose management. Weightlifting enables one to regulate the quantity of weight that one lifts, target specific muscles, determine direction, rate, and scope of motion of every lift accurately. All muscles cross a joint to allow the movement of body parts. The attachment points of muscle to bone allow bone-to-bone connections through the muscles origins and insertion points. The origin point of a muscle connects a stationary bone to a more flexible one at the insertion

Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Finance - Assignment Example Tax Solutions Inc. is targeting to offer solutions so as to help businesses reduce tax exposures, capitalize on available tax incentives and hence increase their cash flows for growth. It targets small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the USA to grow and create value with them. Among the tax incentives that Tax Solutions Inc. guide businesses on are industry specific and include Domestic Production Activities Deduction for manufacturers through its tax specialists in manufacturing industries irrespective of the nature of manufacturing. In addition, Tax Solutions Inc. team of experts will help them assess how a given tax credit fits with your overall tax strategy and timing. 31/12/20X4 - There are 7 employees working at Tax Solutions Inc., and they received their salaries at the weekend. The work week has 5 days and starts on Sunday and ends on Thursday. Weekly salary is $170,000, and it is paid every Thursday. December 31 fell on a Tuesday. This is a list of all closing balances of ledger accounts pertaining to a particular period. It is in this list that ledger balances are grouped either into debit balances and credit balances.1 In this regard, assets and expenses are debited while capital, revenues and liabilities are credited. At the end of the day, the debit and credit entries must be equal, and financial statements are then prepared using these balances. First, since its preparation id based on the principle of double entry, it is used to check the arithmetic accuracy because the debit and credit entries must be equal2. Second, it is used, to summarize, financial transactions that have taken place over a certain period. Third, it is used to trace accounting errors back to the journals and ledgers. Fourth, it is used by accountants as a working paper and the initial step towards the financial statements preparation. Despite the uses described above, trial balance suffers from serious

An implantable cardiac pacemaker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

An implantable cardiac pacemaker - Essay Example The straining of the heart causes further damage to the heart muscles and this may eventually lead to complete wearing out of the heart. It is imperative to note that this condition is serious medical problem that may be caused by diseases that cause damage to the heart such as coronary heart disease and high blood pressure. The cardiac pacemaker is a device that can be used to treat heart failure by assisting the heart to perform its function of pumping blood to the body (Forde & Pat, p. 1263). The device is placed in the chest of the person who has the problem of heart failure and it delivers controlled and systematic electric stimulus to maintain normal heartbeat. Notably, the cardiac pacemaker monitors the hear beat of a person ensures that the heart rate is normal. This device plays a vital role of ensuring that the affected person does not succumb to heart failure by ensuring that the heart pumps blood at the desired rate. For instance, if the heart begins to slow down in its p umping process, the cardiac pacemaker sends an electric stimulus to the heart to initiate normal pumping. Once the heart regains the desired pumping rate, the cardiac pacemaker takes a back seat and continues monitoring the heart rate for any anomalies. According to (Beck et al 812), approximately a third of the people with heart failures have problems with the transmission of electrical impulses to the ventricles of the heart. This means that the cardiac pacemaker can help to deliver the required electrical stimulus in order to synchronize the pumping of blood by both the ventricles of the heart in the appropriate manner. Cardiac pacemaker devices are important especially for people who experience moderate and occasional severe heart failures. This device can help to avert the dangers associated with abnormal pumping of blood by the heart and thus save millions of lives. Also, people with persistent heart failures despite taking the requisite medications can use cardiac pacemakers. In such cases, the cardiac pacemaker can be implanted permanently on the chest of the affected person whereby it manages the heart failure condition by monitoring the heart rate and intervening whenever necessary (Bazaka & Mohan, p. 14). This device also has therapeutic functions for people who have weak heart muscles that cannot function normally. The first ever electronic device to be implanted into a human body was the cardiac pacemaker. In 1958, the first cardiac pacemaker designed and produced by Dr. Rune Elmqvist was implanted on a patient who was suffering from severe Gerbezius-Adam’s-Stokes attacks (Beck et al 811, Haddad et al., p. 40). This pioneering device was powered by rechargeable batteries and it only had one silicon transistor. Notably, the first cardiac pacemaker worked only for a few hours before it had to be replaced by a second similar device. Before the implanted cardiac device was designed, early scientists had produced an external pacemaker which work ed successfully in the provision of temporary cardiac therapy. The external pacemaker was a cumbersome and heavy device which could not be easily carried around by the patients (Haddad et al., p. 42). Advances in biomedical engineering and the discovery of silicon transistors made it possible for scientists to produce a lighter and portable pacemaker. According to Bazaka and Mohan, these pacemakers were externally carried by the

The Effects of Child Family Interaction

The Effects of Child Family Interaction Child and family interaction: the setting The scene shows Eaton Kerr, a toddler, in a happy and playful family photo shoot with other members of his family. These family members are his mother, Kerry; his father, Jonathan; and his doting 8 year old brother, Jordan. The Kerr family lives in Northern Ireland. Kerry is clearly enamoured of her little boy. In her own words, she â€Å"cant bear to be away from him† and could just â€Å"gobble him up†. This is probably intensified by the fact that Eaton had been an unproblematic infant, who slept well, ate well and rarely cried. Kerry and Jonathan apparently had an easy time in the first few months after his birth. This is evident in the casual and relaxed manner that can be seen with the entire family. However, one and a half years later, Kerry is yearning for a baby girl. Having previously lost two female children, and currently raising two little boys, Kerry hungers for a female child. A scene in which she strokes her dogs head longingly could perhaps be an indicator of how much she craves another child. Kerry has a tendency for potential fatal blood clots, which is typically increased in pregnancy. Despite past medical complications and a clear understanding of the associated risks, Kerry is determined to pursue her dream. She is booked into the hospital for a medical scan to assess potential risk of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular events during pregnancy. The results are daunting and confirm that a pregnancy could be lifethreatening for the young mother. Understandably, Kerry is dejected by the prognosis, and four months later, she still has not come to terms with the outcomes of the scan. Her severe levels of unhappiness culminate in clinical depression: she is perpetually unhappy and tired; has lost all motivation to carry out even mundane everyday tasks; and finds no pleasure in things that normally make her happy (anhedonia). The loss of her two baby girls in the past appears to be constantly on her mind and she keeps photo scans of the embryos which would serve as a constant negative reminder. The fact that she has named these two offspring (Jordana and Caitlin) shows the depth of the attachment she feels for them. In addition, it seems she has recently lost her father all these are textbook triggers for clinical depression. Using the DSM-1 classification of mental health diseases, Kerrys depression would be classified as severe, as she confesses to having had suicidal thoughts. It is a well-known fact that depressed mothers find it difficult to respond to their childrens needs. In a poor attempt to discipline her toddler, Kerry tries to implement strict upbringing rules which are often not suitable to Eatons developmental phase. This is clearly corroborated by the evidence of Eatons corresponding stunted development. However, the little boy is shown as striving to obey his mother, only becoming rebellious at the often-dreaded bedtime etc, thus showing signs of his first battle for independence at eighteen months. Poor sleep hygiene that is common among depressed patients is also proving to be problematic in the mother-child relationship. In the video, classifying humans according to their sleep patterns, Eaton is categorised as a lark early to bed and early to wake; while Kerry is a contradicting owl who is up till late at night and, consequently, stays in bed till late in the afternoon. This means that Eaton is often up, for hours, sometimes for up to three and a half hours, crying for his mother before he gets any attention. He is losing numerous battles for his independence in this power struggle and is learning that he has no control over his environment. Although it is not voiced in the videotape, the constant absence of Eatons father, Jonathan, suggests possible family problems. He has to leave for work early as he helps run the family energy business, and appears to be blissfully unaware of the problems in his home. Therefore, Kerry is probably going through these difficult times alo ne. Without the vital family and social support, her depression is likely to worsen and would essentially adversely impact on her little boy. Child development As Kerry is unable to motivate herself to do anything, she is also incapable of stimulating the young Eaton. Her apparent insensitivity to his emotional needs is clearly evident and would be detrimental to the childs development. This is seen with simple tests as outlined below: Progress testing: carried out by a child development specialist with picture books and block shapes. The results of this showed that Eaton could complete less than one third of his tasks and is behind other children of his chronological age. Empathy testing: using a scientifically based questionnaire, Kerry scored high on the empathy testing. However, she has been unable to pass this on to Eaton who scored very low on these tests, having a tendency towards blatant aggression towards not just his mother, but also to his eight-year old brother, Jordan. This sort of behaviour could lead to bullying traits in the future. Interaction experiment: this shows that Kerry is unwilling to allow Eaton grow and learn. By limiting his playtime to toys and games that dont stimulate him, she is inadvertently limiting his development, probably in an unconscious and failing attempt to foster attachment to her. It seems she doesnt want him to gain independence, but would rather he remain dependent on her. Analysis of child-mother interaction: a literature review Attachment theory John Bowlbys attachment theory is a psychological and ethological description that helps to explain an infants attachment to a parent or caregiver. Infants become attached to adults who are sensitive and responsive in their interactions with them. The way a parent responds to their young infant in different situations is key to the development of patterns of attachment in the child. These patterns are the skeletal framework that guides the childs feelings, thoughts and expectations in subsequent relationships (Bretherton et al, 1999). According to Bowlbys theory, through physical and emotional closeness with a parent or caregiver, the child develops an internal working model, reflecting the parents own response to him/her. In Eatons case his thought process might mirror the insensitivity that he has experienced from his depressed mother, and could potentially cause problems in the future. Family dynamics: a secure base The point of attachment should ideally provide a secure base from which the child can explore the environment and return when he/she feels fearful. If Eaton lacks that secure haven, his mental health would be compromised. In his book, A Secure Base, John Bowlby (1998) describes the initiation of the mother-infant interaction. He highlights an initial elation and extreme possessiveness immediately after delivery. This phase was probably evident in Kerry, in the first few months when she stated her joy and reluctance to let Eaton out of her sight. However, the well documented lively social interaction alternating with phases of disengagement may have developed a pronounced effect of the latter phase, especially after the disheartening results of her hospital scan. Peri- and post-natal conditions that could affect (hinder or foster) positive attachment and the effective formation of a secure base, as outlined by Bowlby (1998) are outlined below: Adequate support for the mother with other aspects of household chores, etc. A secure base for the mother herself Length of separation from the baby in the hours and days following delivery Birth experience Attitudes and expectations expressed by the mother during her pregnancy It is not clear from the brief clips of the videotape which, if any, of the above factors are applicable to Kerrys experience. However, interpreting non-verbal communication and appearances, I think it is possible that Kerry receives little or no support around the house, especially as Jonathan departs for work early and eight-year old Jordan would be if limited help. This proposed lack of support could mean that Kerry does not have her own personal security base and might have been in need of assurances. While we are not privy to Kerrys birth experience during the delivery of little Eaton, her past medical history, in addition to that statement â€Å"Ive cheated life once alreadyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ , suggest that she may have had a difficult pregnancy, which, in addition, could have led to prolonged periods of separation from her newborn in the periods immediately following the birth. The Maternal Deprivation Theory Revisiting the controversial ‘maternal deprivation theory, in the World Health Organization report on Maternal Care and Mental Health, Bowlby (1951) explored the effects of deprivation of maternal care. Maternal deprivation is not limited in definition to mothers who are physically absent from their infants lives; it also applies to mothers who are not sensitive or responsive to their childs needs. In this report, Bowlby concluded that a warm, intimate and continuous child-mother relationship, in which both parties find satisfaction and enjoyment, is essential. Lack of such a satisfactory relationship could lead to significant and irreversible mental health malformations. The case of Eaton and his mother, Kerry, could be seen as a classic example of the maternal deprivation theory. While Kerry is present physically, her own self-admitted lack of motivation and uninvolved attitude is not adequate to foster that close relationship with her second son. As highlighted by Bowlby and later his close colleague, Mary Ainsworth (1962), Eaton could be at risk of having some mental problems in the future, if a timely and effective intervention is not implemented. The long-term effects of poor child-family interactions The consequences of the poor maternal and possibly paternal interaction which Eaton is accustomed to cannot be overemphasised. In a recent study using a conceptual model derived from the attachment theory, it was shown that attachment anxiety and low empathy significantly increases the odds of child molester status (Woods and Riggs, 2008). Furthermore, attachment insecurity in childhood is linked to externalizing behaviour and higher and stable patterns of depressive behaviour at the adolscence stage (Allen et al, 2007). Also, conversely, avoidance of closeness in depressed mothers is implicated in the development of internalizing symptoms in their children, because individuals who are avoidant of closeness, logically, are poor care givers (Whiffen et al, 2005). Research also shows that infants and toddlers of depressed mothers are at increased risk of developing attachment insecurity and behavioural difficulties than offspring of nondisordered mothers (Cicchetti et al, 1998). Observing the effects of maternal depression on social cognition and behaviour in parent-child interactions, Lovejoy (2007) depressed mothers, as a group, exhibited more negative behaviour. Furthermore, maternal depression was found to be associated with negative parent-child interactions and more negative, albeit fairly accurate, perceptions of child behaviour. This factor could be a major implicating factor in the apparent poor development that Eaton shows. An older study by Seiner and Gelfand (1995) showed that enacted maternal withdrawal and depression led to toddlers physically withdrawing from their mothers, making more negative physical bids for attention and generally becoming unfocused and negative, displaying their distress in a developmentally appropriate manner. In addition, the children made no attempt to comfort their mothers; this can be related to Eatons unsympathetic reaction to his mothers apparent distress in the video. There are numerous other studies in the literature that explore the negative impact of poor interaction between child and mother (or care giver). There is a clear association between attachment and maternal depression, and the development of the recipient child. Recently, Vieten and Astin (2008) evaluated the effectiveness of an eight-week mindfulness-based intervention during pregnancy on prenatal stress and mood. Their findings demonstrate that mothers who received this intervention showed significantly reduced anxiety and negative effect during the third trimester in comparison to those who did not receive the intervention. It is well-documented that stress and negative mood during pregnancy increase the risk of poor childbirth outcomes and postnatal mood problems and may interfere with mother-infant attachment and child development. Accordingly, such interventions may be pivotal in supporting mothers in preparation for child delivery. Conclusion In the course of research for this write-up, I have a gained a greater understanding of the attachment theory and the role of the â€Å"secure base† in molding a childs development. More importantly, I am now aware of the need to provide as much support to the mother as is expected for the newborn. This is especially the case for at-risk mothers. Partners and family members need to be a part of the support programme to ensure that mothers receive the care and security they need in order to effectively carry out their newly acquired duties.